VI 



CONTENTS 



c. Europe 39 



I. General 39 



II. Denmark 39 



III. Russia 39 



IV. German Empire* 40 



V. Holland 40 



VI. Belgium* 40 



VII. British Islands 40 



VIII. France* 41 



IX. Spain* 41 



X. Italy* 41 



XI. Switzerland 41 



XII. Austria-Hungary 41 



XIII. Sertia 41 



XTV. Rumania 41 



5. Arbor Day 41 



a. North America 41 



United States* 41 



b. Europe 42 



I. British Islands 42 



II. France** 42 



III. Italy 42 



IV. Switzerland 42 



c. Asia 42 



Japan 42 



d. Australasia 42 



G. FOREST INFLUENCES 42 



1. Forest Influence in General and Effects of 



Deforestation 42 



a. General* 42 



b. North America 45 



c. Central America 46 



d. Europe 46 



I. Scandinavia 46 



II. Russia 46 



III. German Empire 46 



IV. Holland** 47 



V. British Islands 47 



VI. France* 47 



VII. Iberian Peninsula* 47 



VIII. Italy 47 



IX. Switzerland 48 



X. Austria-Hungary 48 



XI. Balkan Peninsula 48 



e. Asia 48 



I. Central Asiatic Russia 48 



II. Malay Archipelago 48 



III. British India 48 



IV. Western Asia 49 



V. Indian Ocean Islands 49 



f. Africa 49 



I. Mediterranean States 49 



II. South Africa 49 



g. Australia 49 



h. Pacific Islands 49 



2. Forest Influence on Moisture and Water 

 Supply 49 



3. Forest Influence on Climatic Conditions* . . 52 



4. Sanitary Influences* 54 



5. Ethic and Esthetic Influences* 55 



II. PRINCIPLES OF FORESTRY AND 



FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCES 56 



A. PHILOSOPHY AND PRINCIPLES OF FOR- 



ESTRY* 56 



B. FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCES IN GENERAL . 56 



C. MATHEMATICS* 57 



D. PHYSICS 59 



E. METEOROLOGY* 59 



F. CHEMISTRY 60 



G. GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY* 60 



H. BOTANY 61 



1. General* 61 



2. Morphology and Anatomy 62 



a. General and various 62 



b. Structure of wood and bark* 62 



c. Teratology 63 



3. Physiology 63 



a. General and various* 63 



b. Chemistry 63 



I. General 63 



II. Constituents of plant body* 63 



c. Nutrition* 64 



d. Growth* 64 



e. Age* 65 



f. Reproduction 65 



g. Vegetative propagation '. . . 65 



4. Pathology 65 



a. General 65 



b. Natural grafting and root fusion 66 



c. Frost 66 



5. Ecology of Forest Growth 67 



a. General* 67 



b. Light requirement* 67 



c. Soil relations* 68 



d. Forest litter* "... 70 



e. Climatic relations* 72 



f. Moisture conditions 73 



g. Symbiosis, parasitism and epiphytism* .... 73 



h. Dissemination 74 



i. Migration and succession of forest growth* . . 74 



6. Evolution* 74 



7. Dendrography 75 



a. General 75 



b. North America* 75 



I. General* 75 



II. Greenland 76 



III. Canada 76 



IV. Northeastern United States* .76 



V. Southeastern United States 77 



VI. Western United States* 77 



c. Central and South America 78 



I. Mexico 78 



II. West Indian Islands 78 



III. Brazil 78 



d. Europe 78 



I. General 78 



II. Scandinavia 79 



III. Russia 79 



IV. German Empire 81 



V. Holland 84 



VI. Belgium and Luxemburg 84 



VII. British Islands 84 



VIII. France 85 



IX. Iberian Peninsula* 85 



X. Italy 86 



XI. Switzerland 86 



XII. Austria-Hungary 86 



XIII. Balkan Peninsula 87 



e. Asia and Malay Archipelago 87 



I. Siberia 87 



II. China 87 



III. Japan 87 



IV. Philippine Islands* 87 



V. Java 88 



VI. Indo-Chtna 88 



VII. British India 88 



VIII. Western Asia 89 



f. Africa and Madagascar 89 



I. Mediterranean States 89 



II. Tropical Africa 89 



III. Canary Islands 89 



g. Australasia 89 



I. Australia 89 



II. New Zealand 89 



III. New Caledonia 89 



I. ZOOLOGY 89 



1. General* 89 



2. Mammals 90 



3. Birds* 90 



4. Insects 91 



a. North America 91 



b. Europe* 91 



III. GENERAL FORESTRY 94 



A. TEXTBOOKS AND MANUALS 94 



1. North America 94 



2. Europe 94 



a. Denmark 94 



b. Sweden 94 



c. Russia 94 



d. German Empire 94 



e. Belgium 98 



f. British Islands 98 



g. France 98 



