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dead corals, may account for this more extended range. Dunker (Ind. Moll. Maris Jap. p. 130) 

 says that A. niodestiim is variable in sculpture. 



3. Astralmvi (Bolma) turcicus Reeve. 



Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1848, p. 50. 



Conch. Ic. Vol. IV, Turbo, fig. 60. 



KlENER. Coq. Viv. Turbo, p. 93, PI. 42, fig. 3. 



Smith. Zool. Coll. of H. M. S. "Alert" p. 504, PL 44, fig. U— Ul 



Tryon. Man. of Conch. Vol. X, p. 230, PI. 48. fig. 35. 



Stat. 285. Near South coast of Timor. 34 M. Lithothamnion-bottom. 2 Spec. 



It is with some doubt, that Tryon places this species in Bolina^ and indeed, the shell 

 and operculum, agree very well with Turdo, the base of the aperture being angularly expanded. 

 The operculum is convex, with only a slight depression opposite to the subcentral nucleus. The 

 spines of the shell in young specimens, seem to have induced Tryon, to give the species its 

 present position in the system. 



4. Astralium (Cyclocantha) calcar Linne. 



LiNNE. Syst. Nat. Ed. X, p. 762, N" 538. 



RUMPH. Amb. Rariteitkamer, p. 73, PI. 20, fig. I. 



Reeve. Conch. Ic. Vol. XIII, Trochus, fig. 52«. 



KlENER. Coq. Viv. Trochus, p. 27, PI. 23, fig. I [aculeatum Gmel.). 



Tryon. Man. of Conch. Vol. X, p. 231, PI. 52, fig. 27, 29, 30 ; PI. 56, fig. 74. 



Stat. 50. Bay of Badjo, West coast of Flores. Up to 40 M. Sand, i Spec. 

 Stat. 60. Haingsisi. Reef. I Spec. 



Stat. 93. Pulu Sanguisiapo, Tawi-Tawi-islands, Sulu-Archipelago. Reef, i Spec. 

 Stat. 131. Beo, Karakelang-islands. Reef. 3 Spec. 

 Stat. 234. Nalahia-bay, Nusa-laut-island. Reef 3 Spec. 



Stat. 250. Kilsuin, West coast of Kur-island. 20 — 45 M. Coral and Lithothamnion. 2 Spec. 

 ■•'Amboina. I Spec. 



The specimens vary much in shape, some specimens could as well be located with the 

 variety heliciimm, and are associated with the type, only on account of longer spines or flatter 

 apex or more conspicuously detached whorls. 



var. helicinum Gmelin. 



Gmelin. Syst. Nat. Ed. XIII, p. 3600, N° 48. 

 Reeve. Conch. Icon. Vol. XIII, Trochus, fig. 52,5. 

 KlENER. Coq. Viv. Trochus, p. 27, PI. 23, fig. 3. 

 Tryon. Man. of Conch. Vol. X, p. 232, PI. 52, fig. 28, 31. 



Stat. 16. Bay of Kankamaraan, South coast of Kangeang. Shore, i Spec. 

 Stat. 142. Laiwui, coast of Obi Major. Reef i Spec. 

 Stat. 250. Kur. Reef, i Spec. 



The specimen of Kur-reef is the most characteristic, the other ones are more or less 



different from the description of the typical helicinum. 



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