﻿44 [ Ju| y> 



is encompassed with gently rising, low, sandy hills, generally clothed 

 with firs (Pinus sylvestris) . Four roads go from the town nearly to the 

 four points of the compass. 



That which goes towards the North passes first through a small 

 suburb, then, for about ten minutes, through a fruitful tract producing 

 wheat and other field-crops ; then this begins to change for sand, and, 

 after ten minutes, whilst ascending very gently, one is in the pure sand 

 of this chain of little hills, the fir woods of which are, however, con- 

 stantly being cut down to give place to rye, potato, and lupine fields. 

 The hollows are all peaty and filled with marshes and lakes. 



To the left of the road there rises first a gentle elevation of about 

 thirty feet, which is used as a Jewish burying-place. This Judenberg 

 clothed with fir trees is encompassed with a wall of sand at its base, 

 within the boundary on the east and south side are some aspens, the 

 only leaf-trees occurring on the hill, here, however, they are mingled 

 with the fir trees. As no sheep may be pastured here (sheep are the 

 veritable pests for the insects on sandy soils), the sand can much better 

 develope its vegetation here than elsewhere, although it is indeed scanty 

 enough. It consists of Galium verum, Festuca ovina, Corynephorus 

 canescens, Oalamagrostis epigejos (here and there plentiful, hence fre- 

 quented by Pamphila Actceon), Onaphaliam arenarium (in profusion), 

 Potentilla incana, Artemisia campestris, Centaur ea paniculata, Silene 

 otites, and, though rarely, 8. chlorantha, a little Astragalus arenarius, 

 Thymus serpyllum, and Hieracium pilosella in plenty, Sedum acre, a few 

 plants of Scabiosa columbaria, a little Saxifraga granulata, and Arundo 

 phragmites in the hollow, which contains a tank, and everywhere, 

 especially in the driest places, lichens and mosses. 



On the sunny slopes of the hills grows Calluna vulgaris, and 

 between the ditches much Galamagrostis epigejos (the only locality for 

 the larvae of Pamphila Actceon and GelecTiia lutatelld), Galium verum 

 (hence here Botys flavalis is very abundant), and Veronica spicata, and 

 in the shade of the fir trees and the numerous juniper bushes Anthe- 

 ricum ramosum, Scorzonera purpurea, Potentilla alba, Fragaria collina, 

 Spiraea Jilipendula, and Trifolium montanum. To the right of the road, 

 behind some sand-fields, is a marshy meadow, plentifully grown over 

 with species of Gareoc and Salix repens, the haunt of Goenonympha Davus. 

 Beyond it, on the sands, are some young plantations of fir trees with 

 similar vegetation as at the foot of the " Judenberg," and some lofty 

 firs ; then follows a great peat-moss, which has been principally ob- 

 tained by means of a canal through which the water of one lake is 



