﻿1809] HI 



June of the present year, when, without spinning a cocoon,* they turned to pupse 

 within the galls. The mature pupa (examined 15th June) was 1^-lin. long, its 

 head, thorax, and all appendages pitchy -black, shining ; abdomen dull tile-red, its 

 back very rough. The basis of each feeler-case is provided with a sharp pointed 

 tooth ; two slender, tapering respiratory tubes stand behind the feeler-cases on the 

 thorax. 



When emerging, the pupa forces its way out of the gall by a series of wriggling, 

 boring movements, until about half of its length is disengaged ; the usual process 

 of splitting the back of the thorax in a horizontal and afterwards vertical direction, 

 as well as the gradual freeing of the head and limbs follow ; and, when quite 

 liberated, the imago discharges a drop of milky liquid. 



The filmy white pupa-case is left protruding from the gall. — Albert Muller, 

 South Norwood, S.E., 16th August, 1869. 



Yellow female of Colias Hyale. — In a letter which I received a short time since 

 from Colonel H. Macchio, of Vienna, he says, — " I have reserved a yellow female 

 Colias Hyale for you." I believe many of these yellow females have been passed 

 over in this country for males, as, among the small number of specimens of this 

 butterfly which I saw last year (not more than thirty or forty), I found four of 

 them. The ordinary female of Colias Palwno is white ; but I have three of the 

 Bame greenish-yellow colour as the males. — H. Doubleday, Epping, August, 1869. 



On the larva of Pyralis glaucinalis. — To the Hon. T. de Grey I am indebted 

 for the opportunity of figuring and describing the larva of this species, he having 

 found it in the manner he has detailed in the following note : — 



" Thinking that the nest-like bunches of twigs, which may often be observed 

 " growing at the ends of branches on birch trees, might perhaps be tenanted by 

 " some larvae or pupae, I obtained one of these knots in April, 1867, and placed it 

 " in a large breeding cage, where I soon observed a few black active-looking larva?, 

 " and some old cocoons containing empty pupa skins. 



" Having no conjecture as to what species these belonged to, I was much 

 " interested by observing on the 10th of June, a specimen of Pyralis glaucinalis at 

 " the side of the breeding cage ; others continued to appear, and on June the 13th, 

 " I find a note in my diary, ' Larvae, pupaa, and imago of glaucinalis all alive at 

 " same time.' 



" On the 24th of June, I took out the knot, and by shaking and beating it 

 " obtained from it twelve specimens which were by no means easily dislodged. 



" The species continued to appear throughout June and part of July, till about 

 " forty specimens in all were bred from this one large birch knot. 



" This year (1869) I again obtained knots from the same locality as before, 

 " and found them to contain old cocoons, and larvae of the same species in various 

 " stages of growth ; from these I bred a few specimens of the perfect insect about 

 " the middle of July. 



* Winnertz (Linnrea Ent., vol. 8, p. 216), records, that this Cecidomyia turns to pupa in a web 

 within the gall. I could not detect the slightest trace of any web or threads whatever. The pupoe were 

 lying simply in a cavity of the gall. — A. M. 



