272 



ETNA. 



Upper 

 Gallery. 



Table-case 

 in Recess 6. 



229. — Calcareou 



'//' 



yf 



metamorphic limestone, and found in the crevices of the 

 limestone forming the Apennine chain of mountains. 



230. — Pumiceous conglomerate, overlying beds of cal- 

 careous breccia, and associated with beds of volcanic tufa. 



■From Sta. Agncse, 3 miles from Rome. 



231. 



tuft 



if 



Hill, inside Rome. This conglomerate forms the upper por 



tion of all the hills inside and around Rome. 



232. 



>/ 



s 



tusk. — From 



the interior of Monte Sacro, near Fonte Salaro. 3 miles 

 from Rome. 



Lavas and other Products of Eruption from Etna. 



Etna. — "After Vesuvius (see p. 161) our most authentic 

 records relate to Etna, which rises near the sea in solitary 



The 



grandeur 



the height of nearly 11,000 feet. 



base of the cone is almost circular, and 87 English miles 

 in circumference ; but, if we include the whole district 

 over which its lavas extend, the circuit is probably twice 

 that extent. 



" The cone is divided by nature into three distinct zones, 



the fertile, the woody, and the desert regions. 



The 



first of these, comprising the delightful country around the 

 skirts of the mountain, is well cultivated, thickly inhabited, 

 and covered with olives, vines, corn, fruit-trees, and aromatic 

 herbs. Higher up the woody region encircles the mountain, 

 an extensive forest six or seven miles in width, affording 

 pasture for numerous flocks. The trees are of various 

 species, the chestnut, oak, and pine being most luxuriant ; 

 while in some tracts are groves of cork and beech. Above 

 the forest is the desert region, a waste of black lava and 

 scoriae, where, on a kind of plain, rises the cone to the 

 height of about 1100 feet, from which sulphureous va- 

 pours are continually evolved. The most grand and original 



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