NOTES ON THE MANGYAN LANGUAGE. 161 



Dmg. Dumagat of Bulakan. Simon, E. J. Manuscript of 



the Ethnological Survey, cited by Reed. 



Form. Formosan, cited by Scheerer. 



Gin. M. Ginaan. Mej^er, H., cited by Scheerer. 



Gin. S. Ginaan. Schadenberg, cited by Scheerer. 



Ibk. Ibanak.' Most of the material in this language was 



furnished me by Mr. Valentin P. Franco, of the 

 Bureau of Forestry, a native of Aparri, Kagayan; 

 some words are from Scheerer, and a few from 

 Nolasco de Medio, P. Fr. Pedro, Gramatica Ibanag- 

 Castellana. 



Ifg. Ifugao. I Furnished by Mr. H. Otley Beyer, divi- 



Sub-Ifg. Sub-Ifugao.J sion of ethnology, Bureau of Science.' 



' This name is given as Ibanag (abbrev. Ibg.) by Conant, but it is 

 pronounced Ibanak. The reason for this seeming inconsistency is that 

 in this language all original final sonants are pronounced surd, resuming 

 their original value only when a suffix is added. That is, when the com- 

 pound analogous to katagalugan, from tagalog, is formed from ibanak, 

 it becomes keh-hanag-an. It seems to me more logical to spell each form 

 as actually pronounced, than to use a spelling that necessitates the con- 

 stant keeping in mind of a plionetic rule in order to pronounce correctly 

 the written word. 



' Ifugao is not a native tribal name. It is the name by which the people 

 are known to the Ibanak tribes of Nueva Vizcaya and Isabela Provinces. 

 It is now applied to all the clans, some 60 in number, that inhabit 

 the Ifugao Subprovince of the Mountain Province. Formerly they called 

 themselves by their clan-names, but they have now learned to call them- 

 selves Ifugao, though they pronounce it Ipiigo or Ipugao. They under- 

 stand it to mean "fair-complexioned." This is confirmed by comparison 

 with the following terms: Ilk. pudau, white; Ibk. furau, white; Bkl. L. 

 porao, white cloth or clothes; Bkl. puraii, abaka cloth with no admixture 

 of cotton or silk; Sbn. pulau, white abaka cloth; Ting, najiudau, white; 

 Bon. J. impokau, white; Bon. C. enpokau, white; Bon. C. piilau, Spanish, 

 Spaniard; Bon. C. pomokau-ak, to be clear; Bon. C. papokawek, to clean, 

 make white; Ifg. ipiigo, ipugao; Sub-Ifg. ipuko, ipukao, fair (of com- 

 plexion) and a variety of white rice. 



If we add to this the significant fact that the Ifugao are rather fair, 

 while their neighbors, the Ibanak, are the darkest-skinned of all Filipinos, 

 it seems rather probable that this is the true origin of the name. It was 

 first applied to the whole tribe by P. Buenaventura Campa, Los Mayoyaos 

 y la Raza Ifugao. Madrid (1895). 



Ifugao is the language of the Kiangan-Ifugao, Western-Ifugao, and 

 Central-Ifugao Districts; Sub-Ifugao, of the Mayaoyao and Alimit Dis- 

 tricts. The latter differs from pure Ifugao essentially in its phonetic 

 system. 



The name is given by Conant as Ifugau, but I am informed by Mr. Beyer, 

 who is my authority for the above facts, that the final sound is a distinct 

 0, the a and o being pronounced clearly and almost separately. 

 111310 — 4 



