96 BARTON. 



Bugan. — Bugan, nak Pimdakugan, is the owner of all the locusts. 

 "Locusts," say the Ifugaos, "are her chickens." A woman takes betel 

 nuts and betel leaves, with some malt,''^ bubud, in a wooden bowl, and 

 dances in front of the granary, one hand upraised. She waves her hand, 

 saying: ''Bugan of Binuyulv, daughter of Pundaloigan, betel nuts, betel 

 leaves."*" 



The feasters invite Bugan with loud cries, and the old men pray to 

 her and argue with her against the folly of injuring her friends. The 

 argument may run: 



Turn your grasshoppers on the fields of our enemies, or of those who do not 

 give you the things you want, and do not injure us, your friends, who give you 

 rice wine, betel nuts, and pig. 



As the woman dances, a libation is poured on the pig. Bugan nak 

 Humanun tells her husband to go at night to steal the life of the rice 

 of those toward whom she is spiteful. She is invited to the feast by 

 the same ceremony as that observed in inviting Bugan Pundakugan. 



The wind deities. The puoh.'^'' — The puoh are possessed of consider- 

 able power over the forces of nature; they control the strong winds, the 

 winds that come with t3rphoons ; they can increase the rice during harvest 

 time ; they can steal its life away and cause it to languish and die before 

 maturity. It is a very noteworthy fact that in the religion of the Ifu- 

 gao there is no clearly defined division of labor between the spirits or 

 classes of spirits. Thus, the place spirits, the bugan, the puok, and even 

 the tayaban, are besought to increase the harvest, although tlie puoh are 

 primarily controllers of the strong winds and the tayaban are predatory 

 spirits. The wind deities usually invoked are four: Dinipaan of 

 Paadan; *« Puok of Halamban; ■"> Pilok of Ambatu; =° Piiok of the East. 



The distinction between the puol- of Halamban and the puol: of Am- 

 batu is that strong winds caused by the former are not accompanied by 

 rain, while strong winds caused by the latter are so accompanied. 



The feasters invite the piioh in the usual terms and call upon them 

 to increase the rice. The special phrases of the invocation of these 

 spirits are : 



" The Ifugao not only drink rice wine, but eat its malt. 



" Bugan ud Binuyuk, nak Pundakugan bibihalag dangaidahan. 



"Puok: a strong wind. 



" Paddan, a place about three miles west of Kiangan. 



*° Halamban, a place toward the south. 



™ Ambatu, a place toward the south. 



