FILIPINO EARS : III. NEGRITO. 109 



The Primitive ear is usually round, the Iberian, long. The physiog- 

 nomy of the Primitive, in general, is broad and flat. The forehead is 

 small and prominent, the brow ridges insignificant. The nose is broad, 

 flat, and dej^ressed at the bridge, which is often totally lacking. The 

 nostrils open somewhat forward rather than downward. The mouth is 

 not wide, but the lips are thick, and the chin is small and receding. 



The physiognomy of the Iberian is in every characteristic almost the 

 reverse of the Primitive. The face is long, narrow, and projecting, 

 with considerable facial prognathism, with an acute angle formed by 

 lines joining the glabella with the external auditory meatus. The fore- 

 head is square and the brow ridges small. The nose is narrow, high, 

 and long. The nostrils point downward, and do not flare. The mouth 

 is not large, and the lips are thin. The chin is pointed, but often pro- 

 jects slightly instead of receding. The chin and forehead of the Iberian 

 and Primitive are not so unlike as are the other features, the great differ- 

 ences between the two faces being in the middle parts, where width and 

 flatness in the Primitive and narrowness and projection in the Iberian 

 are the distinctive characteristics. 



ANTHROPOLOGICAL TYPES ILLUSTRATED BY PIIOTOGKAPHS OF EARS. 

 Plate I. 



The two fundamental ear types. Primitive and Iberian, that charac- 

 terize the Pilipinos wherever I have examined them, apparently fonn 

 basic types of Negrito ears. These two types of ears on both man and 

 woman may be seen in Plate I. Figures 1 and 2 represent a character- 

 istic Negrito woman of the Primitive type from Mount Mariveles, 

 Bataan Province. But for the bushy head of hair, this photograph 

 would well represent a Primitive Filipino such as may be seen in almost 

 any part of the Islands. The ear can not be seen well but enough of 

 it is shown to reveal the Primitive characteristics. The shelf lobule is 

 seen on the right ear, and the rounded contour, with overturned helix 

 on the left. Other Primitive traits may be seen, such as the broad, 

 flat nose vnth depressed ridge, flaring nostrils, and apertures that open 

 forward instead of downward; the vertical, or boinbe, forehead that is 

 particularly small in its transverse dimension; the .thick, projecting 

 lips; and the small, receding chin. 



The two men of figures 5 and 6 are not so typical of the Primitive 

 as is the woman, but they approach the form more closely than any 

 other male Negritos portrayed. The Negrito men in general are not 

 of the Primitive type, but the majority of the women are of this type, 

 a statement that will become evident as the study progresses. 



The woman of Zarabales in figures 3 and 4 is said to be Negrito, and 

 if that be true the pure Negrito is a Modified Iberian. The ear has a 

 combination of Primitive and Negrito characteristics. The inrolled, 



