130 COLE. 



ten days. On the last day the house was decked, inside and out, with 

 red and yellow flowers ; many valuable gifts were placed beside the corpse 

 and the place was then abandoned. 



He was succeeded by his son Pangilan, whose administration, like that 

 of his father, was firm and Just. Upon his death he bequeathed the 

 leadership of a united people to his son Manib. The new datu did not 

 prove to be a great wari-ior and his decisions in matters of dispute were 

 not always just, so that bad blood arose between the people of Cibolan 

 and Talun. He was unable to quell the disturbances, and finally open 

 warfare broke out, petty chiefs of other districts tlirowing off his control 

 and ruling as datus. This was the condition which confronted his son 

 Tongkaling when he found himself ruler of Cibolan. 



The claims of leadership over all the Bogobos had never been relin- 

 quished, but the actual power of the datu outside his own district 

 amounted to little. Tongkaling soon established his right to the name 

 of a great warrior, and his people so f)rospered under his rule that upon 

 the advent of the Americans he was much the most powerful among the 

 several chiefs. Under the administration of Governor Bolton, Tongkaling 

 was officially recognized as the head of the Bagobos, and ■svith this added 

 prestige, he has finally succeeded in gaining recog-nition from all the 

 chiefs, except those about Santa Cruz, but his actual control over them 

 is still very slight. He has been a consistent friend of the Americans, 

 but has Jealously guarded his people against outside influences, so that 

 they are much less affected than those of other districts. For this 

 reason this paper deals principally with Cibolan, but where radical 

 differences occur in other districts they will be noted. 



According to the long-established custom when a new ruler was to 

 assume control^ Tongkaling gave a great celebration and summoned the 

 people from near and far. On the appointed day more than seven hun- 

 dred g-uests had arrived and for six days they feasted, drank, danced, and 

 made merry. On the seventh day the majority of the guests accompanied 

 the datu to a great tree in the forest and there witnessed or took part in 

 a human sacrifice. 



For this occasion the datu had provided a decrepit old Bila-an slave 

 for whom he had paid three agongs.'' The man was fastened with his 

 back to the tree, his hands tied high above his head. Wlien all was 

 . ready one of the chief warriors addressed the spirits, asking them to 

 witness that the people followed the old custom, and to let the reign of 

 the new datu be one of continued prosperity without defeat in battle. 

 The prayer finished, the datii placed his spear Just in front of, and 

 below the right annpit, and plunged it with full strength into the body 

 of the slave. As soon as he had withdrawn his weapon the warriors cut 



' Copper gongs worth about 16 pesos each. One peso is equal to 50 cents 

 United States currency. 



