132 COLE. 



slave, male or female, is valued at about five agongs. If a slave woiuan 

 bears chilcbren to her master she is usually freed at once, or if not then, 

 she is certain to be at his death. Her children are free and legitimate 

 heirs. It is considered a serious crime for a man to have illicit relations 

 ■ndth another man's slave and a heavy fine will be levied on the offender. 

 Should children be bom from such a union they are treated as slaves. 



Polygamy is common, kinshijj and the lack of funds forming the only 

 restrictions to the number and choice of wives a man may have. 



Certain prohibitions exist as to the wearing of the clotliing which 

 distinguishes successful warriors and priestesses, but punishment in these 

 cases is meted out by the spirits and not by the datu. 



Cibolan is not a compact village, but consists of many small dwellings 

 scattered along the mountain sides close to the clearings in which the 

 people raise rice, corn, camotes," and hemp. These houses are generally 

 of one room with the floor raised high above the ground. The sides are 

 of flattened bamboo, in which small, rectangular openings or peep holes 

 are cut. The sides of the roof rise to a steep peak wliich, at the top, 

 overhangs the ends. Entrance to the house is gained by a ladder or 

 notched pole. Stones, sunk in a bed of ashes, form the stove which 

 stands near the door. A raised platform, about one and one-half meters 

 wide, at the far end of the room sen'es as a bed for part of the family. 



In time of danger, or during festivals, the people assemble at the 

 house of the datu. This is an immense structure, built on the same 

 general plan as the smaller houses, but capable of holding about two 

 hundred people. Elevated, box-like enclosures are constructed along the 

 sides of the room where the datu and some of his daughters or wives 

 keep their belongings, and in which they sleep. The elevated platform 

 at the end of the room is occupied at night by the fighting men, while 

 the balance of the household — ^men, women, children, and dogs — ^use the 

 floor. Along the walls are fastened spears, shields, looms, musical 

 instruments, and what not, and in the center of the room hang six large 

 agongs which furnish music for the dancers. Near to these are two tall 

 bamboo poles, decorated with stripped leaves. These and numerous other 

 devices and receptacles in other parts of the room are for the spirits who 

 control the lives and happiness of the people. 



To describe in detail the numerous spirits kno-mi to the Bagobos, or 

 the ceremonies made to secure their good will, would exceed the limits 

 of this paper, but a few must be mentioned in order to give a clearer 

 insight into the lives of the people. Eugpamolak Manobo ^° is the chief 

 of all spirits. It was he who created the world. No ceremony should 

 be made without calling on him and offering him some white food or 

 object of value. 



° Sweet potatoes. 



" Also called Manama. 



