140 SHUFELDT. 



fourth of the radius;" all the five digits of the hand, like those of the foot, have 

 claws supported on deep compressed ungual phalanges.' 



Owen gives a figure of the slmll of Cynocephalus, seen upon superior 

 view, which is quite different from &ny of the specimens at hand. It is 

 far more massive, broader for its length, and appears to be inaccurate 

 in other particulars, although there exists considerable individual variation 

 in skulls of this animal, when series of them are compared.* 



The skeleton is not touched upon by Mivart," although he makes record of the 

 interesting fact that "in many tortoises both the knee and the elbow are rather 

 twined outwards, than the former forwards and the latter backwards, as is also 

 the case in the Flying Lemur (Galeopithecus) amongst beasts." 



This anatomist placed Cynocephalus in the order Insectivora, and 

 the Lemuridaa among the Primates, a classification which now few would 

 agree to, in so far as the latter are concerned. 



Five years prior to this Huxle}' '^ j^resents a much fuller account of 

 the structure of the species here being considered and practically agrees 

 with Mivart in the matter of their classification. 



He sees "no reason for dissenting from Professor Peter's view that Galeopithecus 

 belongs neither to the Primates, nor to the Cheiroptera, but that it is an aberrant 

 Inseetivore." In fact, as he saj'S on the previous page of the same work, it is 

 "the most aberrant form of the Insectivora." 



When studying the skeleton of any animal among the Vertebrata, it 

 is always interesting, and even important, to know something of that 

 animal's habits, and no anatomist appreciated this fact better than Huxley. 



We are not surprised then to find, in the work just cited, references to the 

 "arboreal and frugivorous habit" of Cynocephalus, and to its "very long and 

 slender limbs." Also that these limbs "are connected with one another, with the 

 sides of the neck and body, and with the tail, by a great fold of the integument, 

 which is called patagium; and, unlike the web of the Bat's wing, is hairy on 

 both sides, and extends between the digits of the pes. By the help of this great 

 parachute-like expansion, the Galeopithecus is enabled to make floating leaps, 



' Authors do not agree with respect to the character of the articulation of 

 the ulna with the radius, some stating that the two bones are ankylosed, and 

 others that they are not. Huxley claimed that they are. It is to be noted here 

 that Owen and others employed the name Galeopithecus volans for the flying 

 lemur, and where quotations are made, as in the above instance, from those 

 authors, that name will be used. For Galeopithecus volans we now write Cyno- 

 cephalus volans, and the latter will be used in this paper, except in quotations. 

 The Malayan genus is Gahopterus. See Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 

 (1906), 19, 41; Thomas, Ann. £ Mag. Nat. Hist. (1908), VIII, 1, 252-255. 



' Op. cit., 393. 



* Op. cit., 388. 



° Lessons in Elementary Anatomy (1877), 10. 



' The Anatomy of Vertebrated Animals ( 1872 ) , 383. 



