SKELETON IN THE FLYING LEMURS. 141 



from tree to tree, through great distances. When at rest, the Galeopitheci 

 suspend themselves by their fore- and hind-feet, the body and tlie head hanging 

 downward; a position wliich is sometimes assumed by tlie Marmosets among the 

 Primates." 



Selecting from this account only such parts as refer to the skeleton, we note 

 that Huxley observed that in Cynocep}ialiis "the fore-limbs are slightly larger 

 than the hind-limbs" and further that "the pollex and the hallux are short, and 

 capable of considerable movement in adduction and abduction, but tliey are not 

 opposable; and their claws are like those of the other digits. 



"The occipital foramen is in the posterior face of the skull. The orbit is 

 nearly, but not quite, encircled by bone. The lachrymal foramen is in the orbit. 

 The bony roof of the palate is wide and its posterior margin is thickened. There 

 is a strong curved post-glenoidal process of the squamosal, which unites with 

 the mastoid, beneath the auditoiy meatus, and restricts the movement of the 

 mandible to the vertical plane. A longitudinal section of the skull shows a large 

 olfactory chamber projecting beyond that for the cerebral lobes, and two longi- 

 tudinal ridges, upon the inner face of the latter, prove that these lobes must 

 have possessed corresponding sulci. The tentorial plane is nearly vertical and 

 the floceular fossae are very deep." All these points are characteristic and cor- 

 rectly stated. "The ulna" he adds, "is very slender inferiorly, where it becomes 

 anchylosed to the distal end of the radius, [?] which bears the carpus. When 

 the ilia are horizontal, the acetabula look a little vipward and backward as well 

 as outward. The fibula is complete. As in the Sloths and most Primates, the 

 navicular and cuboid readily rotate upon the astragvilus and calcaneum so that 

 the plant a pedis is habitually turned inward."' 



In giving tlie dental formula, Huxle}' also refers to the peculiar 

 pectination of the lower, single-fanged, incisor teeth, but these structures 

 will be touched upon later on. 



Passing to the work of another ffTiter who has investigated the anatomy 

 of the family Galeopterida we find that Flower points out a number of 

 the characters of the skeleton in these "aberrant Insectivores," ^ now being 

 examined. Briefly, he says : 



The characters of the family are those of the suborder Dennoptera. to which 

 may be added that the orbit is nearly surrounded by bone, the zygomatic arches 

 are well developed, the tympanies form bulla; ossete, the ulna is distally united 

 with the radius, the tibia and fibula are distinct, the pubic symphysis is long. 



Then follow descriptions of other parts of structure of these animals. 

 Flower, it is observed, agrees with Huxley with respect to the ankylosis of 

 the bones of the forearm, but that is one of the points that the present 

 paper will settle. 



From another work" by the same avithor we learn that in Ci/iioceplialus "each 

 vertebra bears at its hinder end a pair of hypopophysial tubercles;" that the 

 number of trunk vertebrae is 21 (15 thoracic and 6 lumbar); that the tail is 



'The Anatomy of Vertebrated Animals (1872), 382, 383. 



'Osteology of the Mammalia in Encyclopedia Britannica. 0th ed., 15, 401. 



° Osteologv of the Mammalia, 39. 



