148 SHUFELDT. 



in the Mammalia, they are so intimately associated with the mandibles 

 in the skull among all higher mammals and have been so extensively 

 employed in the matter of classification, that to entirely ignore them in 

 any general work upon the osteology of an animal belonging to that class 

 would be considered an almost \mpardonable oversight. Anatomists have 

 by no means neglected the dental armature of Oynocephalus and we meet 

 with accounts of it in a number of works on comparative anatomy. Here, 

 however, reference vnll be made to only two authorities, Owen and Flower. 

 Owen and Flower agree on the dental formula of Cynocephalus and, 

 as given in their works, it agi-ees with all three of the specimens at hand. 

 According to Owen ^- the dental formula of the genus is : 



.2.2 1.1 2.2 3.3 „, 

 '373' ''O'^^ 272' "^373=^^- 



Owen also states that — 



The two anterior incisors of the upper jaw are separated by a wide interspace. 

 In the Philippine Colugo they are very small, with simple sub-bilobed crowns; 

 but in the common Colugo (Lemur volans Linn.; Galeopithecus Temminekii Wat.) 

 their crown is an expanded plate with three or four tubercles; the second upper 

 incisor presents the peculiarity of an insertion by two fangs in both species of 

 Galeopithecus}' 



In the lower jaw the cro^^^ls of the first two incisors (i), present the form 

 of a comb, and are in this respect unique in the class Mammalia. Figure 249 

 [Owen's figure] shows a section of one of these teeth magnified. This singular 

 form of tooth is produced by the deeper extension of the marginal notches on the 

 crown, analogous to those on the edge of the new-formed human incisor, and those 

 of certain shrews, the notches being more numerous as well as deeper. 



Each of these broad pectinated teeth is implanted by a single conical fang, 

 and is excavated by a pulp cavity, which divides into as many canals as there 

 are divisions of the crown, one being continued up the center of each to within 

 a short distance of its apical extremity. The medullary canal or branch of the ' 

 pulp cavity is shown in some of the divisions of the crown, (at p) . Bach divi- 

 sion has its proper investment of enamel, (e), which substance is continued for 

 a short distance upon the common base. 



The deciduous teeth appear not to cut the giun before birth, as they do in 

 the true Bats. In a foetus Galeopithecus Temminekii, vrith a head one inch and 

 a half in length, I found the calcification of the first incisor just commenced in 

 the closed alveolus, the second incisor and the rest represented by the vascular 

 uncaleified matrices. The upper milk teeth consist of two incisors, a canine and 

 two molars, which latter are displaced and succeeded by the two premolars. The 

 deciduous teeth are six in number in the lower jaw, the incisors being pectinated, 

 but much smaller than their successors. The true molars are developed and 

 in place before the deciduous teeth are shed. 



''Anatomy of Vertebrates (1866), 3, 311-313. 



" If we rely upon this diagnosis based upon the teeth, the specimens here 

 being studied are certainly not C volans; but that would not prove them all to 

 be C. philippinensis, as there may be other species having the two anterior incisors 

 of the superior mandible like it. — R. W. S. 



