SKELETON IN THE FLYING LEMURS. 149 



Flower committed one or two errors in giving the osteological char- 

 acters of the Galeoptendoi ^* and then briefly dismissed the subject of 

 the teeth thus: 



Galeopithecus (i |, c \, pm |, in J; second upper incisors and canines with two 

 roots), with two species O. volans and G. philippineitsis. Tlie former, tlie Flying 

 Lemur of Linnaeus, distinguished from the latter by the form of the upper in- 

 cisors, has a total length of nearly 2 feet. 



Now in the upper jaw the two widely separated, anterior, incisors are 

 not only "very small," as Owen points out, but they are, also, at least 

 twice pectinated, and sometimes exhibit a faint indication of a third 

 pectination, which may be discovered by the use of a lens (3). The 

 second jjair of upper incisors are the largest teeth in the upper jaw, 

 extending downward below the canines, and vei7 considerably below any 

 of the molars. They are each two-fanged, distinctly triangular in form 

 with a very sharp af)ex, and are compressed. Both their surfaces, as in 

 the case of the canines, are fluted, the markings running from the base 

 to the apex. A canine of the superior mandible has the same form as 

 the second incisor, only it is somewhat shorter, and wider in the antero- 

 posterior direction. 



As stated upon a previous page both the molars and premolars of 

 both jaws in the Steere specimen are vei-y much worn and, therefore, 

 do not present the true characters of these teeth. In the upper jaw the 

 premolars are all two-fanged and offer certain definite characters, the 

 second pair closely apiDroaching in their morphology the anterior pair 

 of true molars. A first upper premolar has a rather complicated 

 tubercular crown consisting of two outer, triangular, sharp-pointed cusps 

 arranged antero-posteriorly to each other; their outer surfaces are flat 

 and longitudinally fluted; their inner surfaces are convex and similarly 

 marked. The inner portion of the crown in the first upper premolar 

 exhibits two more very rudimentary cusps ; these in the second premolar 

 tend to become three, as in the leading true molar. The outer cusps in 

 all the true molars agree with those of the premolars, being the most 

 reduced in the last molar. Their inner crowns, that is, the buccal aspect 

 of the crowns, develop from three to four small, sharp, trihedral cusps, 

 and these are partly overshadowed by the inwardly directed pair of outer 

 cusps of any particular molar. All the true molars seem to be three 

 fanged, the largest root being internal, -nath a pair of much smaller ones 

 placed antero-posteriorly side by side externally. In one specimen (3) 

 the crowns look directly upward, in another (2) they face more toward 

 the median plane, which is decidedly the case in the specimen where they 

 are much worn (1). Through this cause, in the latter, the second 

 premolar has come to resemble very much the leading true molar next to 

 it, its outer eiisps being only a little sharper and more pronounced. 



^*Encyc. Brit., 9th ed., 15, 401. 



