232 BEYER AND BARTON. 



and a few near relatives of the dead man were allowed to accompany 

 the detachment which was sent at once to recover the head and body. 

 This object was accomplished without trouble as both had been cared 

 for in the village where the killing had occurred. The party came 

 back too late that night to allow me to take separate photographs of the 

 head and body, or of the returning people. The picture shown in 

 Plate IV, fig. 1, was taken on the following morning, after the head 

 had been replaced upon the body and securely tied to the shield and 

 post against which the body lay. It would have been a serious sacrilege 

 to have asked for its removal then. 



During the absence of the expedition, religious ceremonies were per- 

 formed in every village in Banauol where the requisite priests could 

 be had. The purpose of these ceremonies was to insure success for 

 the expedition, and the classes of beings principally invoked were the 

 ardmud (ancestral souls) of Banauol clan and the halupe (tormentors 

 and go-betweens). Thousands of the ancestral souls were called upon 

 by name in the various villages, particular attention being paid to famous 

 warriors and brave fighters of the past. These were counselled to aid 

 those who had gone out to get the head and body, and to prevent the 

 a-dmud of the Lingai people from injuring them or placing obstacles 

 in their path. The tormentors were urged to torment the Lingai war- 

 riors with blindness and dizziness and to fill them with fear, so that 

 they would not attack the rescue party. The only gifts offered the 

 spirits during these ceremonies were small chickens, rice-wine (where 

 it was obtainable on such short notice), betel nuts, and betel leaves. 

 However, great gifts of hogs and other things were promised if the 

 expedition proved successful. 



The procedure of the returning party was as follows: The body 

 and head were securely bound on the dead man's shield, which had 

 been taken along for that purpose, and the whole suspended from a 

 long pole borne on the shoulders of four men, two in front and two 

 behind the body. Immediately in front of the pole-bearers walked 

 two men, one of whom beat a sharp tattoo at regular intervals upon 

 his shield with the handle of his spear, while the other played the 

 hang'ibang.^ The relatives of the deceased, except the wife and mother, 

 followed in single file behind the pole-bearers. In former times a long 

 line of warriors would have preceded the party, but in this case that 

 service was performed by the detachment of Ifugao soldiers that accom- 

 panied it. 



' The bmigibang is a musical instrument of very hard and resonant wood which 

 is beaten with a short stick also of hard wood. On a still day the sharp^ clicking 

 beat of this instrument can be heard miles away. It is used only in death cere- 

 monies and in the ceremonies for the cure of very serious illness. (See Plate I. 

 fig. 2.) 



