AN IPUGAO BURIAL CEREMONY. 233 



The wife and mother walked .beside the corpse, at times throwing 

 their arms around the bloody body and weeping violently. At other 

 moments they stared into the gruesome features of the head aad cried 

 out : "Bahatan ! Bahatan ! Come back, come thou back !"^ Occa- 

 sionally the whole party broke forth in the Central Ifugao death-call: 

 "Oh ! Bahatan ! Come back, come thou back, for our houses are filled 

 with mourning!"^" In fact, gi'ief was the keynote of the occasion. 

 Vengeance did not become predominant until the following day. 



THE CEREMONIES AT THE HOUSE. 



A group of people of considerable numbers, among whom were 

 several priests and village chiefs, were gathered at Bahatan's house 

 when the party returned. As soon as the cries, which filled the air 

 for fully twenty minutes, had quieted down, two old priests made a 

 short baki (religious ceremony) in the house, sacrificing a chicken to 

 -the iagol (great deities) of the Sky World., Immediately upon com- 

 pletion' of this ceremony, the omen being good, the preparation of 

 the body began. Everything was arranged as shown in Plate IV, fig. 1, 

 in which position the body remained until it was removed for burial 

 on the third day. The body faced Lingai, the murderer's clan district, 

 and rested against the shield on which it was carried in.^^ 



During this preparation of the body certain things were also being 

 done by some of the old women- to the widow, mother, and brother 

 of the deceased. The clothing and ornanients of the latter were all 

 removed and they were arrayed in old, torn garments made of coarsely- 

 woven bark fiber, such as are worn by the poorest serfs, when working 

 in the fields. (See Plate VI, fig; 1.) Kings and bands of woven 

 rattan, called nguliu, were placed .upon their arms and the calves of 



' "Bahatan! Bahatan! Mahdnga-bdiTgad-ka!" The grief of an Ifugao wife or 

 mother over the dead body of her husbanci or son 'is something tliat no one can 

 look upon untouched. I know of no people who exhibit stronger family affection. 



^' "Bahatan-ah! Mahdiiga-hdngad-ka! ta nalagid-an di bale-tuu!" This death- 

 cry in Central Ifugao is set up by all the people of the village at the death of any 

 person, and is repeated for from ten to, thirty minutes. The name of the dead 

 person is of course changed in each case. 



" The wooden spear, in the picture, standing beside each of Bahatan's arms, 

 and the little carved wooden ornament suspended from his'n^ck. are of particular 

 interest. The wooden spears, which- are really throwing ,favelins. are called tuMb 

 and consist of a pointed bamboo head set in a hard wood shaft. The tuhab is 

 undoubtedly the oldest form of Ifugao spear, dating, from long before the in- 

 troduction of metals. It is still largely used in real fighting. The little wooden 

 ornament suspended from Bahatan's neck is called MniUo and indicates that he 

 was Whop, that is, a brave warrior who has taken heads in his lifetime. At the 

 burial of Mangfli. mentioned in Part I of this paper;. no Mnillo was suspended 

 from his neck as he had never taken a head. 



