Fupa^ cCr. o/" Orplmopliihi lostacon. GiVJ 



mncrocLa:tiD of tlie licad and body, and the larval method of 

 progression. Add to this the inability of systeniatists to 

 estal)lish any relatioiishii) by means of the adnlt, and it will 

 be obvious that the genus must revert to its original family 

 status. 



I refi-ain from listing the larval and pupal family-characters, 

 or suggesting the systematic position among the Nematocera, 

 since the early stages of several new species have just been 

 discovered in New Zealand and Tasmania by A. Tonnoir, 

 and it is advisable to see first how they compare with 

 O. testacea. 



Summary. 



OrplinephUa has been placed by Kieffer and Thienemann 

 as the first subfamily of Chironomidae on the strength of the 

 general appearance of the larva, the presence of pseudopods, 

 the abd(uninal cuticular armature and anal hooks of the 

 l)upa, and the spiracular papiihx^ of the prothoracic horns. 



Not one of these characters is peculiar to the Chironomidae, 

 while the following incontestably prohibit the inclusion of 

 Orphnephila in that family : — 



(1) The amphipneustic tracheal system of the larva. 



(2) The peripnenstic tracheal system of the pupa. 



(3) The structure of the larval mouth-parts. 



Further characters of less importance are the structure of 

 the antennae, the dorsal " saddles/' the protuberances of the 

 head, the split macrochsetse of the head and body, and the 

 method of rapid progression. 



Acknowledgements. 

 I desire to extend my grateful thanks to Dr. D. Keilin of 

 the Molteno Institute for the loan of the preserved material 

 sent him by Thienemann in 1914, and for his helpful 

 suggestions and encouragement throughout the work. 1 am 

 also indebted to Mr. F. AV. Edwards of the British Museum 

 for some larvae, part of the same lot, given him by Dr. Keilin 

 some years ago. 



References. 

 Bause, E. (1918.) "Die Metamorphose der Gattuiig Tamjtarsus? 



Arch. f. Ilvdrobiol. Supp. Bd. ii. 2, pp. 1-128. 

 Bkzzi, M. (1913.) "Taumaleidi (Orphnetilidij italinni." J^oih Lab. 



Zool. gen. agrar. Scuola Sup. Agricolt. Portici, vii. pp. 227-2C(l 

 Bbauee, Fk. (1883.) ''Die ZAveifliiper des KaiserlicLeu .Museums zu 



AVieu. III. Systematische Studien auf Ciruudlage dev Dipteren- 



Larven, u.s.w." DenLschr. d. k. Akad. d. M iss. Wieii, xlvii. 

 GoETGUEBUER, M. (1914.) " Coutiihutions a TEtude des Cliirouomides 



de Belgique (Ceratopogouiutu)." Auu. de Biol. Lacu&tie, vii. 



pp. 165-229. 



