694 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell 07i the 



Coleoptera. WoUaston had listed 664 species ; Fauvel gives 

 683. The endemic genera, as recognized by Fauvel, with 

 the number of species in each, are as follows. AH were 

 described by Wollaston : — 



Elliptosoma, 1. Mlipsodes, 1. 



Zargus, 3 and var. Iladrus, 4. 



Eurygnathus, 1. Macrostethus, 1. 



Xenotnma, 1. Cyphoscelis, 1. 



Siereus, 1. Atiemophilus, 3. 



Microstagetus, 1. Echinosotua, 1. 



Prostheca, 1. Stenotis, 1. 



Xenorchestes, 1. Lipommnta^ 1. 



Mniophilosoma, 1. Caulophilus, 1. 



Thus 18 endemic genera, as at present recognized. Fauvel 

 added another, which he intended to describe as Anops, a 

 genus of Curculionidse. For some reason, this Anops was 

 apparently not described ; in any event the name is pre- 

 occupied. It will be observed that most of these endemic 

 genera contain only a single species, and it is quite likely 

 that they are in the majority of instances relicts of an 

 ancient fauna. The one genus of this series which abounds 

 in individuals and obtrudes itself on the collector is Hadims. 

 A related genus (Exohadrus ^VtvoVin) is found in New Zealand. 

 There is some question whether Hadrus is really confined to 

 the Madeiras. H. europaus, Motsch., 1858, was said to come 

 from Corsica, and is so listed by H. Gebein (Col. Cat. 

 1910). R. Lucas also admits a Corsican Hadrus. But 

 Fauvel gives this species as a pure synonym of H. illofus, 

 Wollaston, which is certainly confined to Porto Santo. 



Wollaston thought that about two-thirds of the Madeira 

 specres of beetles were endemic ; Fauvel was inclined to cut 

 this down to about one-third. However, he was able to list 

 a number of species which almost certainly were not there 

 in Wollaston's day, and, if we subtract all the species pro- 

 bably introduced by man, the original estimate of two-thirds 

 endemics may be below the mark. I believe that students 

 of the Madeira insect-fauna have never fully a[)preciated 

 the very large percentage of introduced species. The islands 

 have been occupied since the 15th century, and there has 

 been abundant opportunity for many sorts of insects to 

 arrive on plants and merchandise. Probably various 

 members of the original fauna have been exterminated by 

 these newcomers, and it is greatly to be desired that the 

 islands should be searched for small and rare endemic 

 insects, in order to record as many as possible before it is 



