SUPPRESSION OF CHOLERA IN MANILA. 53 



infected houses, mats, articles of clothing, food, and drink, to save them 

 from the all-destroying disinfectors. Our disinfectors try to trace out 

 these other houses where clothing, etc., has been carried, but this is very 

 diificult and often impossible. 



To illustrate the spread of the infection in this way, the course of the 

 disease in the Meisic district may be taken as an example. It will be 

 observed that every four days there is a sudden increase in the number 

 of cases. These are the persons infected from the cases of four days 

 previously. It does not mean an incubation of four days, for these cases 

 when found have already been sick for some time, but it would indicate 

 an incubation of from two to three days. 



Counting a house where cholera had been found within five days as 

 a focus, on September 23 there were 241 infected foci in the city of 

 Manila, well scattered, as is shown by the following table : 



Number 

 District. infected foci. 



Meisic 66 



Tondo 59 



Sampaloc 41 



Intramuros 54 



Paco ' 21 



Total 241 



With the organization and the emplojrment of the measures outlined 

 above, in twelve days, the number of cases was reduced from 60, the 

 maximum number in one day (September 20), to 5 cases on October 3. 

 A few cases occurred daily throughout October, and these, in nearly 

 every instance, came from well-known cholera areas, districts in which 

 cholera persists after its eradication from the more cleanly and sanitary 

 portions of the city. 



For example, of the last 75 cases in October, 33.3 per cent occurred in the 

 district bounded by Calles Bilibid and Paz on the south, Calle Magdalena and 

 San Lazaro Estero on the west, the railroad on the north, and Calle Felix 

 Huertas on the east. This district has no surface drainage, the interiors are 

 lower than the street gutters of Calle Cervantes, and the majority of the houses, 

 during a great part of the year, stand over collections of filthy water, slime, 

 and muck. This office demonstrated to the city authorities the feasibility of 

 draining this area by ditches and the drainage work is now in progress. 



Nine per cent occurred in a triangle formed by Calle Azcarraga on one side, 

 Tondo beach on the second side, and Calle Ylaya and Calle Quesada on the third, 

 one of the best examples of the illegal perpetuation of the nipa hut in the 

 strong material district. 



Eight per cent occurred on the upper end of Calle Lemery and its continuation 

 Gagabangin, where drainage problems also remain to be solved. 



Nine per cent occurred in a small section of the Meisic district, bounded by 

 Calles Aceiteros, Santo Cristo, San Nicolas, and Madrid. This district contains 

 the filthiest and most insanitary closets in the city of Manila. 



Four per cent occurred in the barrio of Balicbalic ; other cases occurred in 

 Paloniar, in Calle Antonio Rivera, in Bancusay, and in other barrios. The 



