54 m'laughlin. 



other 20 cases were scattered and widely separated; 3 in Paco, 5 in Meisic, 5 in 

 Sanipaloe, 1 in Ermita, 1 oft' the Malecon Drive, 1 in Malate, and 3 in Tondo; 

 less than 10 per cent were found in the strong material district, and most of these 

 could be traced to one of the above-mentioned plague spots. 



Cholera is the same disease, whether encountered in Germany, Russia, 

 Italy, Eg3'pt, India, or the Philippines, but the measures taken to prevent 

 its spread and to suppress the infection depend upon the geographical 

 location of the epidemic. To suppress a cholera epidemic in a country 

 like Germany, for example, is a comparatively simple proposition; while 

 in the Philippines its suppression is complicated by existing conditions 

 peculiar to these Islands. 



Pour things are of prime importance for the suppression of cholera: 

 (1) A good water supply for all the people; (2) safe disposal of the 

 dejecta of the entire population; (3) prompt discovery of cholera cases, 

 suspects, or bacilli caiTiers, with immediate isolation and disinfection, 

 and (4) habits of cleanliness. 



If the water supply is free from cliolera and can be kept so, then the 

 spread of the epidemic depends upon the improperly cared for stools of 

 the persons carrying the spirilla of cholera. Flies, cock-roaches, and 

 other insects or animals having access to such stools carry the infection 

 to food or drink. There is infection from persons who do not wash their 

 hands and whose soiled fingers carry the infection to food or drink. 

 There is also direct infection from actual cases of cholera. 



WATER. 



Manila city water has been examined daily by the Biological Laboratory 

 of the Bureau of Science and the cholera bacilli have not been found 

 therein. However, with the appearance of cholera in San Mateo and 

 Mariquina, it was deemed prudent to place a military guard to prevent 

 possible pollution of the river. 



The new water supply, taken from higher up the gorge, will be practi- 

 cally safe from contamination by human excrement. 



The great trouble with the Manila water supply is that it does not 

 reach all the people. Some barrios are at a great distance from the 

 nearest hydrants, and the people must carry, or pay for carrying, a long 

 distance. As a result, they use the water from shallow wells, ponds, 

 esteros, or other questionable sources, for washing clothes, kitchen uten- 

 sils, and also in many instances for drinking purposes. 



It was deemed necessary to close all wells, except a few in the more 

 distant barrios, which were treated with permanganate of potash. Besides 

 closing wells, wherever possible, all stagnant places were drained by 

 digging ditches and certain small, infected esteros were patrolled by the 

 Constabulary to prevent the people using the water. 



