56 m'laughlin. 



insuperable, but they are not impossible ideals, and an attempt to realize 

 these ideals should be the policy of the bureau. 



The Manila city water supply must be extended to every part of the city 

 and placed within easy reach of everyone. 



Tanks and reservoirs must be so constructed as to preclude the possibility 

 of contamination. 



Esteros must be controlled and confined to definite beds either by adequate 

 walls or by dredging, so that any overflow land will be drained by tides. 



The filling in of low places which can not be drained to the proper height 

 above the curb is essential. 



Public closets must be established in all barrios, so that every inhabitant of 

 the city of Manila will have closet facilities at his disposal. It is advisable 

 to have more closets even if of less seating capacity; six closets of six pails 

 each will be of more value than three of twelve pails each, for the reason that 

 the native has a shorter distance to travel. Also, the cutting of alleys through 

 the back yards will facilitate his journey to the closet. 



Before permitting land to be used for building purposes within the city 

 limits, the land should be subdivided by streets and alleys upon a definite plan. 

 The indiscriminate building of nipa huts upon the interior of a block without 

 order or regard for necessary intervening spaces, should not be permitted. 



Streets and alleys should be cut through already existing collections of nipa 

 huts, and, when necessary, houses removed to permit proper spacing. Streets 

 must be opened into barrios within the city limits which are now isolated and 

 have no wagon road entering them to permit the collection of garbage and refuse. 



A sufficient force of sanitary police to enforce the use and sanitary mainte- 

 nance of closets is necessary. 



All wells must be filled in. 



More stringent measures to compel the prompt reporting of suspicious cases, 

 with severe penalties for infractions of this ordinance should be adopted. 



Stricter enforcement of the building code in the erection of new buildings 

 is necessary. 



Nipa huts in the strong material districts must go, and repair to old nipa 

 houses, which perpetuate this problem, must be prevented. These nipa districts 

 exist by sufferance within the strong material districts, dilapidated huts are 

 crowded together in the most insanitary manner, where there are excellent public 

 closets, patronized only by a select few. The majority still find it easier to 

 deposit or throw their dejecta upon the swampy ground. These districts are the 

 natural home of cholera, and from there the people who are trying to live decently 

 are infected by means of muchachos, cooks, or cocheros, who spend their spare 

 time in these plague spots. 



A proper system of surface drainage for every part of the city of Manila is 

 essential, where such drainage is lacking, but especially for ( 1 ) the San Lazaro 

 Estate and that portion of the city from the San Lazaro Estate to the railroad 

 crossing on both sides of Calle Cervantes, (2) Santa Monica, (3) Antonio, Rivera, 

 ( 4 ) Palomar and Magdalena interior, ( 5 ) that portion of Tondo north of Moriones 

 and west of Estero de la Reina, and (6) Malate district, bounded by Herran, 

 Wright, San Andres, and Nueva. 



For the "Discussion" of Dr. McLaughlin's article see under "Editorial," 

 p. 59. 



