82 



NICHOLS AND ANDREWS. 



that the instruction and warnings in regard to cliolera infection which 

 were given in the schools may have been effective. For some reason pro- 

 portionately more females of ages from 20 to 29 were infected, and as a 

 number of these women were pregnant, this accounts in part for the 

 increased mortality among females from uraemia. This will be referred 

 to later. In relation to treatment, it may be said that, if this epidemic 

 is a typical one, preparations should be made to receive, during epidemics 

 in the future, cases of both sexes and of all ages in proportion to the 

 population and especial preparations should be made for receiving an 

 excess of children under 10 years of age. 



II. GENERAL MORTALITY. 



Of the 885 cases 579 or G5.4 per cent died. Two hundred and ninety- 

 eight or 33.6 per cent of the cases were found dead. Of the 587 

 discovered while alive 46G or 79.3 per cent were treated in the two 

 hospitals. The general hospital mortality was 50 per cent. The hospital 

 mortality for males was 48.7 per cent; for females 51.8 per cent. 



Collapse and uraemia are of course the two essential conditions to be 

 met in the treatment of cholera ; if untreated, a great majority of the cases 

 die in the first forty-eight hours of collapse; those who survive or are 

 tided over the stage of collapse by treatment may die later of uraemia. 



Everyone connected with the patients was strongly impressed with the 

 value of intravenous injections of salt solution in the stage of collapse. 

 Some criticism of this method, however, has been heard on the ground 

 that the large amounts of solution which were frequently given might in 

 some way increase the death rate from subsequent unpmia. Accordingly 

 it will be well to give here the total mortality for each method of 

 treatment from collapse and from uraemia and later to consider each 

 separately. 



In the first part of the epidemic only stimulants, such as strychnine and 

 digitalin, were used for collapse, later subcutaneous injections of salt 

 solution were introduced and still later intravenous injections came to 

 be the routine treatment. The following table gives the total results. 

 (In these tables 450 cases among Filipinos only are considered, a small 

 number of whites and foreigners being excluded.) 



Table I. — Giving results of different methods of treatment. 



Method of treatment. 



Number of- 



Cases. Deaths. 



Mortality. 



Stimulation 



Subcutaneous injection 



Subcutaneaous and intravenous injections 

 Intravenous injection 



145 

 175 

 36 



47 



117 



19 



41 



Per cent. 

 32.4 

 68.8 

 52.7 

 43.6 



