152 MARTINI. 



calf." It would ]iave taken weeks and j^erluips niontlis to import the 

 foreign cattle. 



The calves of the native carahao were not used because the daily bath, 

 which would have been necessary for them, would have consumed too 

 much time. I chose, therefore, for the experiments the new-born calves 

 of cows imported from Indo-China. Through the kindly assistance of 

 Dr. Gearhart, of the Bureau of Agriculture, the Laboratory finally 

 obtained seven of these calves. One of them died soon after its arrival 

 from a severe phlegmon of the abdominal wall, and one was dead 

 when it arrived at the Laboratory. Experiments were begun with the 

 remaining five. These calves were all less than eight days old and 

 hence only an hereditary immunity had to be considered. This I hoped 

 to overcome, in case it existed, by inoculating very large doses of the 

 infectious material, as I had found it possible to do in the ease of rinder- 

 pest at Tsingtau, Shantung. 



The calves were nourished with preserved milk which caused disturb- 

 ances of nutrition and of development; these disturbances must be 

 mentioned as they served as possible factors favoring the infection. The 

 servants had to be especially trained to feed the animals. I omitted 

 temperature determinations in the experiments, because I did not care to 

 leave this to the servants and had not the time to perform the work myself. 

 Observations on the temperature were moreover not essential, since the 

 chief aim in view was a study of the parasites, and the clinical features 

 of the condition were considered to be of only secondary interest and were 

 reserved for later work. Ticks {Boophilm australis Fuller, as determined 

 by Mr. Banks of this laboratory) were found on the first of these young 

 calves. The calf was placed for ten days in quarantine to see if it would 

 develop Texas fever; since this disease did not appear during a further 

 period of ten days the animal was regarded as free from the infection. 

 All the animals were placed in a division of the vaccine stable of which 

 Dr. Ruediger was in charge; here they were protected from ticks, flies, 

 and mosquitoes. I take this opportunity of thanking Dr. Euediger for 

 his cordial cooperation. Owing to the fact that the same servants 

 attended all the animals in the stables, the calves were perhaps exposed to 

 unknown infectious intestinal diseases, since occasionally animals used 

 for the preparation of smallpox vaccine died; a study of these intestinal 

 disorders was not made. I can speak of them, therefore, only in general 

 terms. All of the five calves used in my experiments finally died of 

 intestinal disorders, fortunately, however, after the investigations had 

 been carried to a successful issue. The further experiments with other 

 calves were carried on in a special stable constructed for the purpose, 

 which was also protected from ticks, flies, and mosquitoes; separate 

 servants were also ])rovided for these animals and so, any possibility of 

 intercurrent infections from other calves was excluded. At this time 



