208 STRONG. 



Health. The lal)oratory work extended over a jxM-iod of three iiiontl)s, 

 March, April and May of the jiresent year. 



The town of Taytay (Plate VIII, fig. 1, and Plate IX, fig. 2), which 

 is situated on the eastei-n horder of the Mariquina Valley, Pi'ovince of 

 Eizal. Luzon, was chosen because of its size (it has a population of about 

 G.OOO) : and because in the past it has suffered severely from smallpox 

 and from several epidemics of cholera, and has had a bad I'cputation 

 from a sa^iitary standpoint. If a larger town had been chosen, it 

 obviously would have been impracticable to have made as careful a 

 study of the inhabitants as was planned. 



It was the intention during the survey not only to observe how much 

 sickness there was present and the nature of such sickness, but to examine 

 into the character of the population, the conditions under which th(> 

 people lived, the food which they ate, the water which they drank, and 

 the diseases to which they were liable to be exposed. Following out 

 this idea, a geological study has been made of the contour and fonna- 

 tion of the country, the water supply has been examined and a chemical 

 and bacteriological study performed of the well waters of the town used 

 for drinking purposes; a botanical examination of the vegeTaljle food 

 stuffs and a general one of all material offered for sale in the markets 

 have been carried out. The cost and quality of the food and the nutri- 

 tive value of the diet of the people, from a phj^siological standpoint, 

 have been studied. An entomological investigation of the mosquitoes 

 and other insects of interest from a medical point of view has been ac- 

 complished. As regards the inhabitants, anthropometric measurements 

 were performed, and in the case of those Avho visited the station; and 

 particularly in those who were found at all sick or abnormal, a medical 

 history was taken and a physical examination performed ; the blood, 

 ffeces and sputum were examined microscopically, and, in many cases 

 where the nature of the complaint warranted, serum reactions, differen- 

 tial blood counts, and examinations of the urine were made. The 

 Buieau of Health in addition, through its representative, Doctor Cle- 

 ments, made a study of the general sanitary conditions under -which the 

 people lived, and a study of the vital statistics of the town. A dispen- 

 sary was established at which all of the cases were treated and furnished 

 with medicine free of chai'ge. Various maps of the town wei'e prepared 

 and a census was taken. 



Lahoratory investigations. — The helminthological work and the general 

 laboi'atoiy investigations of the expedition carried out at Taytay were 

 placed under the direction of Doctor Garrison, and it is lai-gely to his 

 efforts and to those of Doctor Nichols of the United States Army and of 

 Doctor Clements of the Bureau of Health, that the success of this portion 

 of the work is due. A suitable nipa house near the center of the town 

 was rented, and in this was established a station comprising the labora- 

 tory, a clinic and a dispensary. (See Plate VII.) An adjoining house 



