264 



GARRISON, LEYNES, AND LLAMAS. 



Comparative hceinoglohin tests of hookworm and other cases. 



Percentage of hcUinoglobiii. 



Number of patients 



not infected with 



hookworms. 



Number of patients 

 infected with 1 

 hookworms. 



Number. 



Per cent. 



Number. 



Per cent. 



Underdo . 



17 



254 



176 



150 



30 



2.7 

 40.5 

 28.0 

 23.9 



4.8 



3 

 21 

 21 



27 

 13 



3,5 

 24.7 

 24.7 

 31.8 

 15.3 



50 to 79 



80 to 84 



85 to 90 



Over 90. ... . 



Under 80 



271 

 356 



43.3 



56.7 



24 

 61 



28.2 

 71.8 



Over 80 





Of the three hookworm cases having less than 50 per cent htemoglobin, 

 one complained of gastric pain and vomiting and gave a history of mala- 

 ria; the second, was afflicted with nephritis and mitral regurgitation; 

 in the third no cause for the anasmia was found; very few hookworm 

 ova were present and no worms could be found in the stool saved after 

 the first treatment with thymol. 



GENERAL, CONSIDERATIONS. 



The absence of clinical manifestations, the small number of worms 

 found in the infected cases, and the low percentage of persons infected; 

 indicate that hookworms play a very small part in the sanitary condi- 

 tions encountered at Taytay. 



Practically all medical workers in the Philippines since American 

 occupation are in accord regarding the rarity of the severe forms of 

 hookworm disease and also as to the mildness of the average infection. 

 Nearly all investigators, on the other hand have reported a much higher 

 percentage of the people infected. TJiese investigations, however, have 

 been almost exclusively among adult males in military organi25ations or 

 in Bilibid Prison, the work at Taytay being the first to be conducted 

 among a normal population living under natural conditions. 



The fact that the adult males who do most of the work in tlie fields 

 gave nearly 25 per cent infected with hookworms while women and 

 children gave only 8.3 and 4.5 per cent, respectively, would indicate 

 that the infections are acquiied for the most part out in the fields away 

 from the dwellings and the possibility naturally suggests itself that 

 soldiers, especially in the early days in the Islands, were more exposed 

 to infection in that they were more or less constantly wading streams, 

 tramping through swamps and marshes and camping on wet ground. 



The soil at Taytay is a heavy alluvium and, according to some observers, 

 the nature of the soil is an important factor in the incidence of hook- 

 worm infections. AVliat part tbis may play in tbe Pbilip]iines remains to 



