290 STKoxo. 



some of the types were inentioiied. From these studies no absolute 

 eouelusions would be jiistilied, but the inference is strong that the blend 

 of European and Filipino wliieli most I'eseiubies tlie Iljerian, or Meditci-- 

 ranean race of Sergi. is more suscei)tible to all diseases — and more espe- 

 cially to tuberculosis— than the primitive type. 'Pbis may indicate that 

 the European-Filipino type, or its I'esulting offspring, tbe Filipino- Ibeiian 

 type, is less resistant to disease in the tropics than is the aboriginal type 

 on its own soil and in its natural environment. In a number of children 

 and adults a dorsal flattening "in tbe brachycepbalic regi<m was observed, 

 wbicli was accompanied by projection in the parietal region, prominence 

 in the region of the bregma and bulging in the temporal region. This 

 condition it is believed has been brought about in young cbildren owing 

 to the custom of placing them on bard bamboo floors with only a iictdte, 

 or thin mat, between the head and the floor when they sleep. A soft 

 pillow, being hot and -oppressive for tlic children, is not used in the 

 I'bilippines. The child usually lies flat on its back and during sleep or 

 while resting, the head is either straight or turned to one side. After 

 a few months a flat place is frequently formed on that part of the head 

 resting on the floor, and the child then continues to lie on this flat place 

 until the head bcomes misshapen and l)adly deformed. For this reason 

 Doctor Bean believes that the dorsal flattening may occui- in many adults 

 ami tbus the cephalic index is not the best differential factor in racial 

 anatomy. The ear form has been established beyond doubt as a dif- 

 ferential factor in racial anatomy, and among Filii)inos of the littoral 

 regions it should be placed above the cephalic index in importance, 

 because of the appai'ent distortion of the head in many individuals. By 

 the ear alone the derivation of the majority of the ])eople may be 

 determined. 



The principal occupations of the people are agriculture and Ashing. At 

 pj-esent their life is not modifled to any degree by contact with foreign 

 influence. A slight gain in the population of the town lias appai-ently 

 taken place since 1903, at which time the census showed a population of 

 o,H4() whereas the present census shows one of 6,094. 



The water supply is largely from wells which are generally exj)osed to 

 surface contamination aiul to contamination from the hands and feet 

 of those drawing water. (Plate XII, fig. 2.) A bacteriological exami- 

 nation of the water from these wells, thirteen in number, showed in six 

 of them, over 5,000 microorganisms per cubic centimeter. BaciUus: coll 

 communis was isolated from seven, and BaciUus pyocyanciis from three. 

 Hence the majority have been contaminated by sewage. The chemical 

 examination of these waters showed that in the majority the amount of 

 chlorine and of albuminoid anmionia and nitrites was so high as to also 

 condemn them from a chemical sanitary standpoint. Aiiuvlxi' were found 

 in all but one and jiagcUnia in all. However, since the general water 

 supply of Manila usually contains annvha', the discovery of these protozoa 



