382 RUEDIGER. 



l)nt not coming in actual contact witli tlie latter, may become infected 

 either through attendants who have been in contact with the sick animals, 

 or by the feed or utensils soiled with discharges from them; and the 

 infection may be carried al?o by birds or flies which eat freely of excreta 

 from the sick animals and then share the food of well animals. Surface 

 water draining from sick toward non-immune animals is sure to carry 

 with it infectious matter. Healthy animals may be infected artificially by 

 mixing discharges from sick ones with the food or water, by directly 

 rubbing discharges into the mouth and nose, or by injecting subcuta- 

 neously discharges or blood from a sick animal. After infection has taken 

 place, there is an incubation period varying from two to seven days, 

 rarely longer, before sypmtoms appear. 



SYMPTOMS. 



In these Islands the disease is usually ushered in by a rapid rise of 

 temperature, the temperature rising 2° or 3° C. within twelve hours. 

 The conjunctivae are greatly reddened and there is a watery discharge from 

 the eyes and a more or less viscid discharge from the nose. Prostration is 

 severe and there is loss of appetite. Diarrhoea sets in on the third or 

 fourth day after the initial rise of temperature. The animal soon passes 

 blood, mucus and portions of the intestinal mucosa, and on about the 

 sixth or seventh day the temperature usually drops rapidly and the 

 animal dies in collapse. 



MORBID ANATOMY. 



The pathologic lesions vary from discrete ulcers in the stomach and 

 intestines to complete shedding of the mucosa. I have even seen animals 

 pass pieces of intestinal mucosa measuring a meter or so in length, 

 and at autopsy one frequently finds the mucosa completely separated 

 from the remainder of the intestine, ready to be passed off. A large 

 quantity of blood is found in the intestines in such cases. The solid 

 viscera show more or less parenchymatous change. There is no enlarge- 

 ment of the spleen. The mesenteric and other lymph glands are enlarged 

 and hypersemic. 



DIFFERENT FORMS OF CATTLE PLAGUE. 



In cattle plag-ue, as in many other diseases, one scarcely ever sees two 

 cases which are alike in all respects, and, for sake of convenience, I will 

 divide the disease as it has come under my observation in the Philippine 

 Islands into the following four forms : Common foj'm, very acute form, 

 afebi-ile form, and the constipated form. 



Common form. — In the common form of cattle plague the temperature 

 rises rapidly, there is discharge from the nose and eyes with reddening of 

 the conjunctivae, and marked prostration. Diarrhcea sets in on the second 

 or third day, the ffeces become bloody and the animal dies in abcAit seven 



