CATTLE PLAGUE IN THE PHILIPPINES. 385 



the animal is bled three times at intervals of one week. A few days 

 after the third bleeding, the animal is again inoculated with virulent 

 blood, this time one large dose being given, and then bled again three 

 times. This inoculating and bleeding might be continued for years, but, 

 as a rule, the animal is sold after the third series of bleedings, having 

 been bled nine times in all. The blood is collected in sterile flasks or 

 cylinders and allowed to clot, and as the serum separates from the clot 

 it is poured into a sterile vessel. A small quantity of phenol is then 

 added to the serum, after which the serum is passed through a germ- 

 proof filter and is bottled for use. 



USE OP ANTICATTLE-PLAGUE SERUM. 



The immune serum may be used as a curative agent in animals already 

 infected or it may be used as a preventative. Little or nothing can be 

 accomplished with serum during a virulent attack of cattle plague unless 

 the treatment is begun early. The experience of others and of my self 

 proves that animals which have been sick with the disease for three, four 

 or five days can no longer be saved. CI] art No. 1 shows the temperature 

 curve of an animal in which the serum treatment was begun on about 

 the sixth day. I doubt whether life was prolonged even in this case. 



Serum treatment begun on the third day of the disease appears to have 

 no effect on the temperature curve nor on the course of the disease. 

 (Chart No. 2.) Even a severe attack of the disease may be brought to 

 a favorable termination when treatment is begun on the first day and 

 when large doses of serum are given. (Chart No. 3.) Protective 

 measures by means of immune serum in experienced hands give far more 

 satisfactory results. The injection of serum alone confers a temporary 

 immunity only, perhaps for not longer than two or three months and 

 hence this method can not be recommended for general purposes other 

 than of temporarily checking an epidemic of cattle plague. In order 

 to accomplish the desired result, the simultaneous method of inoculation 

 must be resorted to as follows : A small quantity of vinilent blood is 

 injected under the skin of the animal to be immunized and at the same 

 time an appropriate dose of immune serum is given in some other part 

 of the body. Within a week after inoculation the animal, if susceptible, 

 becomes sick and experiences a mild attack of cattle plagnie ; after which it 

 may be considered immune throughout life. Should the temperature 

 rise high during the reaction, more serum should be given. One-half 

 cubic centimeter of virulent blood suffices for the first inoculation. Even 

 in animals which have received this small quantity of virulent blood, 

 curative measures are frequently resorted to early in the reaction 

 if the temperature rises high. (Chart No. 4.) One cubic centimeter 

 of virulent blood may be given with good result. (Chart No. 5.) After 

 an inoculation with 5 cubic centimeters of virulent blood, the reaction 



