22 FREER. 



advantage. The greater the surface for evaporation, the 

 greater will be its effect. For this reason it seemed advisable 

 to investigate the relative number of sweat glands developed 

 in the white and Malay, and Mr. Elbert Clark of the depart- 

 ment of anatomy of the University of the Philippines has pur- 

 sued this subject. After many measurements on American 

 soldiers, Philippine scouts, and persons of both colors in civil 

 life, he has come to the conclusion that the Malay possesses 

 from 12 to 15 per cent more sweat glands than the white. 

 Measurements on Negroes are not yet complete enough to war- 

 rant a final statement, but the results, so far, show that the 

 race has perhaps an • excess of 7 per cent. The few counts 

 which have been made on Negritos give 26.82 per cent excess 

 for adults and 67.54 for youths.^^ Neither can anything be 

 said as to the relative capacity of the individual glands in the 

 two races. 



In this respect, then, the Malay possesses a decided advantage 

 over the white man which the latter can only offset by seeking 

 greater shade, but, to judge from the data which have been 

 given, ample protection at all times can be given to all races 

 by sufficient shade, as owing to that protection the temperature 

 does not rise, and indeed is somewhat lower, apparently, in 

 the white. Given ample shade, and any race is adapted to 

 resist the sun alone of tropical climates; the white man should 

 be better able to do so than the colored. It would seem to me 

 as if the dark skin of the Negro was not a result of excessive 

 insolation, for it is certain that in a state of nature the Negro 

 would seek the shade, just as monkeys do, intuitively, and in 

 the earliest times he probably was exclusively a forest dweller. 

 The color of his skin would, therefore, more probably be pro- 

 tective just as protective coloring is developed in animals other 

 than man. 



One other factor must be considered in discussing the influence 

 of latitude upon the total heat effect throughout the year, and 

 this factor would not in general appear as such by any of the 

 means of measurement mentioned in the previous part of this 

 paper, namely, the absorption of heat by the earth's surface and 

 its radiation therefrom. This factor will naturally vary with 

 different regions according to the color of the surface exposed, 



^° Measurements on Negroes when continued in a longer series will 

 probably result in higher figures. The endeavor will be made to secure 

 more Negritos. 



