of steam and smoke were produced, which, when illuminated with 

 various colors, created a wonderful spectacle. 



THE CREATION OF MYSTERY IN THE LIGHT- 

 ING OF OPEN COURTS.— In designing- the Court of Abund- 

 ance, the architect wished to impress as far as possible a feeling 

 of mystery, or something carrying the mind down through the 

 ages. This effect was strengthened by a harmonious blending 

 of illumination by searchlights, incandescent lights, gas flam- 

 beaux and illuminated steam. 



The general illumination of this court came from three 

 sources : the snow cyrstal standards, the cloister lanterns and the 

 gas flambeaux. The snow crystal standard, or as it was some- 

 times called, the "sunburst" (because of the design suggestion), 

 contained over 600 15-watt round globes orange-dipped incan- 

 descent lamps. There were two of these standards in the main 

 court and four in the north approach to this court. On either 

 side and at the spring line of each cloister arch there was sus- 

 pended a Gothic lantern with orange glass panels. In addition 

 to lighting the cloister and the adjacent gardens these lanterns 

 were especially valuable for their decorativeness. The gas 

 flambeaux were formed by four rising serpents hissing fire into 

 a flaming caldron. There were six of these located in the court 

 proper and sixteen in the north approach to the court. 



In conclusion, the lighting consisted primarily of direct, 

 masked, concealed and projected effects, created by a harmonious 

 blending of luminous arcs, searchlights, mazda lamps and gas 

 lights. 



The high-current huninous arc lamp was selected for general 

 flood lighting of the facades, lawns and shrubbery, on account of 

 the white quality, high efficiency and relatively low maintenance 

 cost where great quantities of light were required. 



The searchlights were used for illuminating towers and min- 

 arets, flags and other features where concentration and high 

 intensity were necessary. 



The unusual consideration given to esthetics and the sup- 

 pression of high intrinsic brilliancy effects, naturally introduced 

 certain features in the lighting whch, from a purely engineering 

 point of view, would be regarded as inefficient. Taken as a 

 whole from, the point of effects obtained, initial cost, maintenance 

 and general efficiency, it was broadly conceded that the illumina- 

 tion of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition surpassed 

 that of all previous expositions. 



il 



