(li-(<)\-fi-c(l in ihc l)iiii;il phncs indiciilc ;ils() ;in ;i(l\;incc(l knowledge 

 111 licit' ;inil ^lonc iiiiplcmciils; ;in idol i ;ir\c(l niil of i\(ir\', louiid ;it 

 I'lH'diiii wl , su^m'Sts ;i well dcxclopcd religious sense. 



THE CR()-iMA(;.\()XS. 



! liiduuh the anthropological ignorance of the Mayor of \urignac, 

 in the Tyrennees, a precious collection of some seventeen skeletons was 

 l(i-t t<» science in 1852, when they were discovered in a limestone cave 

 1)\ a laborer, but the archaelogist Lartet, who was able to study 

 »»nl\ the stone implements that were left, was fortunate enough to 

 discover in the grotto of Cro-Magnon, near Les Eyzies. which has 

 since become historical in scientific importance, five skeletons, which 

 have been recognized as the type of the great Cro-Magnon race. 



The skull is not harmonious in proportion, being large and very 

 distincth' long, the face quite broad in relation to its height, the 

 brain capacity large, the forehead convex, the bones of the limbs 

 robust, the stature far above the average, showing altogether a high 

 type of the Homo Sapiens. 



The data collected concerning this interesting race, are very 

 definite, as nearly fifty skeletons have been found from 1823 to 1909, 

 in various localities and classed as belonging to the Cro-Magnons; 

 the range of the habitat of that race has also been established there- 

 by: it covers a vast field in southwestern Europe, extending from a 

 populous center in the Dordogne region of France extending as far 

 north as western Wales, south to Santander, Spain, east to Italy, 

 northeast to Austria and Syria. 



Whether the much discussed so-called Grimaldi and Aurignacian 

 are subspecies of the Cro-Magnon or distinct races is still being 

 studied and may be determined later; their exact location in the 

 series is, however, of secondary importance in the greater divisions 

 of human races. 



NEANDERTHAL RACES. 



The preservation of the remains of more recent races was largely 

 due to the fact that their representatives dwelt in caves and rock 

 shelters. With the Neanderthal we find practically the last of the 

 prehistoric humans who practised ceremonial burials and laid out 

 their dead in the floor of their protected caverns. 



The first Nenderthal discovered, was found in a quarry on the 

 north face of the rock of Gibraltar in 1842 and is now in the Museum 

 of the Royal College of Surgeons, in London. 



The type skull, however, was found in the Feldhofner grotto in 

 the valley of Neanderthal, near Dusseldorf in 1856. Since then a 

 number of fragments, especially of lower jaw^s, have been identified 

 from Gibraltar to Belgium, through western France, Germany, 

 Croatia, Austria, Hungary, from 1848 to 1911, showing a very large 

 distribution. 



10 



