For the first time a very marked difference from all the preceding 

 races is clearly established. The stature is low, the supraorbital 

 ridges are prominent, the lower jaw is massive as well as the teeth, 

 the forehead receding, the cranial profile inferior to that of the lowest 

 existing modern races, the skull narrow and long. 



THE PILTDOWN MAN. 



By the merest accident C. Dawson, in the autumn of 1911, 

 chanced to pick up a piece of unusually thick human parietal 

 bone in a gravel pit which was being dug out for road making near 

 Piltdown, England. Realizing that his find was possibly of import- 

 ance, he enlisted the co-operation of Professor Arthur. Smith Wood- 

 ward, eminent paleontologist, with the result that systematic search 

 made the following year brought to light other parts of the skull of 

 the "dawn-man", constituting the most important and significant dis- 

 covery in the whole of man's history. 



The association together of an eminent geologist like Dawson and 

 a paleontologist like Woodward enabled science to acquire the first 

 geologic records which determined the age of Eonanthropus — the 

 *'dawn-man", so called because of his limited intellectual development. 



That first known inhabitant of the Sussex valley on the banks of 

 the river Ouse, was of the normal size of any of us today; his limbs 

 were more powerful than ours and he had a much heavier bony 

 structure. He had a thick neck, very large jaw, protruding lips, 

 broad, flat nose, beetling brow and a receding forehead; a man of 

 powerful physique and of very primitive intelligence. 



He used a natural cavern for his home, protecting his young from 

 depredation by rolling a huge stone to close the entrance against the 

 intrusions of the giant cave bear, the striped hyena, and the great 

 common enemy — the savage sabre-tooth tiger. 



Armed with the most primitive of stone lances rudely fashioned 

 from a piece of flint, and the clumsiest of stone axes, he sallied forth 

 to give battle to the many enemies of his race, or hunt the stag and 

 bison upon which he fed. It is difficult to imagine greater physical 

 valor than that possessed by these man-beasts, whose minds were but 

 little developed beyond mere animal instincts. But what marvelous 

 instinct they displayed, and what courage, else they must have 

 perished off the earth! 



We all bow in reverence before the devotion and self sacrifice of 

 modern motherhood, but the student of anthropology is overwhelmed 

 with admiration of the deeds of the Piltdown's mate, the mother of 

 a large brood, who for ten — twenty years — daily, hourly struggled 

 for the survival of her growing family. By the side of Eonanthropus, 

 — but often alone, — against almost insurmountable odds of hunger, 

 physical dangers, and the appalling dread of attack by giant beasts 

 of prey at all times, the first woman defended her off-spring and 

 preserved the race. 



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