tc 



a 



■ 'X\i 



I 



^vlie 



u 



l\rr 



? fl 



sni 



m 



"Oln 



'and 



5 



1^ 





Wll i 



^^^■•-^rsal, or 



' "1 contact 

 -•li intei-y > 



horizontal 

 nine 



■Wed iu tie 

 .s made in 

 led, at \k 

 •ch, wliere 



One 

 articles, 



mass, 



loll. 



f'T 



m beueatli 

 ] tuff, lit* 



hollo'f 

 hot at 



that it ff^^ 



111 



so 



,de of ft^ 



i\. 



Siici 



..t.-i < 



25 



Ch. XXVI] changes PEODUCED BY MODEEN EEUPTIONS 



these great openings may be seen, called the Fossa della 

 Palomba, 625 feet in circumference at 

 deep. . After reaching the 



moutlj 



78 



bottom 



dark 



scending precipices by 



means 



sometimes de- 

 At length the 

 onp-. and from 



15 to 50 broad, beyond which there is still a passage, never 

 yet explored ; so that the extent of these caverns remains 

 unknown. The walls and roofs of these great vaults are 



com 



m 



Changes produced hy modern eruptions in the Vol del Bove. — 

 The change which had taken place in the aspect of several 

 parts of Etna, but especially in the Yal del Bove, between 



my lirst 



striking. 



chasm 



herdsman 



in reducta valle miigientium 

 Prospectat errantes greges. 



Dr. Buckland was, I believe, the first English geologist 

 who examined this valley with attention, and I am indebted 

 to him for having described it to me, before I visited Sicily, 

 as more worthy of attention than any single spot in that 



island, or perhaps in Europe. 



The views. Plates V. and YI. above described, p. 7, have 

 already given the reader some idea of the scenery, looking up 

 and down the vast amphitheatre, which is between 4 and 5 



diameter 



from 



1828. Every part of the 

 mountain was then free from clouds, except the Yal del 



highest cone on December 1, 



some 



of the upper precipices of which, alone, were 

 visible with their large vertical and projecting dikes as seen 

 in the drawing. The crater nearest the foreground and 



amon 



thrown up during the eruptions of 1810 and 1811, or eighteen 



years before my visit. 



The lavas which were poured out from near the head of 

 the Yal del Bove in those years, and subsequently in 1819, 



