

at 

 On 





""■^^ the 

 'ike T . * 



ipice ; 



?c 



a 



It 



t till the 

 "^ and 6 



'loptli of 



'iled oyer 



s::. 



iT 



o"--;. 



\ 



1 atone 

 •aller of 



biess 



( 



i uterest; 



^aniiice 

 lithe 



a 



^nveriii 



cr 



111 



AVI 



Itll 



111 



' all tli^ 



■litniii 





00 





in 



1 f'^ 



,Ch. XXVI.] 



ITS APP.EAEANCE IN 1858. 



31 



sages^ until coming beneatli the fields alluded to, it dried up 

 tlie roots of the plants bj its heat. It is well known (see 

 above, p. 24) that vaults and tunnels abound in many of 



must 



periods unavoidably become filled with 

 may then solidify under considerable 

 bo masses of crvstaJb'nf^ ronV or -simYiA- 



fused matter, 



pressure, giviii 



times perhaps to tortuous veins like those represented in 



fig. 



78, p. 



em 



B 



m 



clue to the peculiar conditions under which they originated."^ 



Fig. 84. 



Course of the lava currents through the Val del Bove in 1852-3, 



as seen from above. 



a. Part of Giannicola G-rande. 

 &, Cf d. Same as fig. 83. 

 e. Monte Finocchio Inferiore. 

 /. Ilocca Musara. 



g. Giannicola Piccola. 



hj h. Concazze. 



ij i, Serra del Solfizio. 



In 1858 I found the surface of this lava of 1853 still giving 

 out columns of white steam from numerous fumeroles espe- 

 ^cially after heavy rains. Near Zafarana its surface is divided 

 into longitudinal ridges rising from 30 to 70 feet above 

 the bottom of the intervening and parallel depressions. 



« 



It was a melancholy sight to behold pastures which I had 

 seen verdant in 1828 in the valley of Calanna black and 

 desolate, and the region above so deluged with the sterilising 

 products of the late eruption that there had ceased to be 

 a picturesque contrast between tracts of the old forest and 

 dark strips of modern lava. The larger part of the great 

 valley had become one monotonous desert no longer support- 

 ing any cattle, nothing to justify its original name, and with 

 scarcely a living creature to be seen, though a few goats were 



* Etna Paper, p. 22. 



