XIV 



CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME. 



Insects in preserving this Equilibrium— Devastations caused by Locusts—EfFect 

 of Omnivorous Animals in preserving the Equilibrium of Species— Eeciprocal 

 Influence of Aquatic and Terrestrial Species — How Changes in Physical Geoo-ra- 

 phy affect the Distribution of Species— Extension of the Eange of one Spedes 

 alters that of others — Supposed Effects of the first Entrance of the Polar 

 Bear into Iceland — Increase of Eein-deer imported into Iceland — Influence 

 of Man in deranging the Numerical Strength of Species — Indigenous Quadru- 

 peds and Birds extirpated in Great Britain — Extinction of the Dodo— Rapid 

 Propagation of Domestic Quadrupeds over the American Continent— Power 

 of exterminating Species no Prerogative of Man — Concluding Eemarks on 



Extinction 



PAGE 433 



CHAPTER XLIII. 



MAN CONSIDERED WITH REFERENCE TO HIS ORIGIN AND GEOGRAPHICAL 



DISTRIBUTION. 



Geographical Distribution of the Eaces of Man — Drifting of Canoes to vast Dis- 

 tances — Man, like other Species, has spread from a single Starting-point, or 

 limited Area — Whether Man's Bodily Frame hecame more stationary when his 

 Mind became more advanced^Grreat Antiquity of the more marked Human 

 Eaces — G-eneral Coincidence of their Eange with the great Zoological Provinces 

 American-Indian common to Neoarctic and Neotropical Eegions — Man, an Old- 

 World Type — Marked Line of Separation between Malayan and Papuan Eaces 

 — Distinctness of Negro and European, and Question of the Multiple Origin of 

 Man — Six-fingered Variety of Man as bearing on the Mutability of his Organi- 

 sation — Eegrowth of Supernumerary Digits when amputated — These Phenomena 

 referred by Darwin to Eeversion — Whether Man has been degraded from a 

 higher or has risen from a lower Stage of Civilisation — Gradual Diminution 

 of the Number of Languages and Eaces — G-audry on Litermediate Porms be- 

 tween the Upper Miocene and the Living Mammalia — Eelationship of Miocene 

 and Living Quadrumana — Owen's Classification of Mammalia according to 

 Cerebral Development — Progressive Advancement in Cerebral Capacity of the 

 Vertebrata— Improvement of Man's Cerebral Conformation — Whether there is 

 any Fixed Law of Progress — Objections to Darwin's Theoiy of Natural Selection 

 considered — Great Step gained if Species are shown to be developed accord- 

 ing to the ordinary Laws of Eeproduction — Cause of Eeluctance to believe in 



. . . 464 



Man's Derivative Origin 



CHAPTEE XLIV. 



ENCLOSING OF FOSSILS IN PEAT, BLOWN SAND, AND VOLCANIC EJECTIONS. 



Division of the Subject — Imbedding of Organic Eemains in Deposits on emerged 



Land — Growth of Peat — Site of Ancient Forests in Europe now occupied by 



Peat— Bog Iron-Ore — Preservation of Animal Substances in Peat— Miring of 



Quadrupeds— Bursting of the Solw^ay Moss— Imbedding of Organic Bodies and 



Human Eemains in Blown Sand — Great Dismal Swamp— Moving Sands of 



African Deserts— Buried Temple of Ipsambul in Egypt— Dried Carcasses in the 



Sands of the Desert — Sand-dunes and Towns overwhelmed by Sand-floods 



■Imbedding of Organic and other Eemains in Volcanic Formations on the 

 Land .... .495 



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