- ^^ alf r 

 tl- ^^' ^'""fli cla . 



this relafi. r 



foUowing:5 



'^"■■^■jn plants in 



nian, considered 

 '»! distribution, 



', and the 



ritli that of the 



The question 



jed. The bear- 



opulent and of 



•' derivation of 



Bournemouth, 



d. 



■est on the Bay 



nological order, 

 h belong to the 

 ,; the Neohtto 

 j__and lastly 



The positio""' 

 ,f the soutliern 



;ie strata near 



^e corre-^po"^; 

 ^ithsoJ> 



the dept'" 



hi 



on, 

 TP 



CONTENTS 



OF 



THE SECOND VOLUME. 



♦o* 



BOOK II. — continued. 



CHAPTER XXVI. 



ETNA. 



External PhysiognoBiy of Etna — ^Lateral Cones — Their successive Obliteration 

 Marine Strata at Base of Etna of Newer Pliocene Date — Oldest Volcanic Eocks 

 of same Date — Fossil Plants of Living Species in ancient Tuffs of Etna — Val 

 Del Bove on the Eastern Flank of Etna — Internal Structure of the Mountain 

 and Proofs of a Double Axis of Eruption — Want of Parallelism in the ancient 

 Lavas — Dikes in the Val del Bove, their Form and Composition — Truncation of 

 the Great Cone — Eruptions of Etna of Historical Date — Eruption of Monti 

 Eossi, 1669— Scenery of the Val Del Bove— Eruptions of 1811 and 1819— That 

 of 1852 — Changes which it has effected in the Val Del Bove — Cascades of Lava 

 in the Val di Calanna — Inclined Lava of Cava Grande — Flood produced by the 

 Melting of Ice in 1755 — Glacier preserved by a Covering of Lava — Ancient 

 Valleys of Etna — Antiquity of the Cone of Etna .... page 1 



CHAPTER XXVIL 



VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS — coucludecL 



Volcanic Eruption in Iceland in 1783 — New Island thrown np — Lava Currents of 

 Skaptar Jokul, in same Year — Their immense Volume — Eruption of Jorullo in 

 Mexico — Humboldt's Theory of the Convexity of the Plain of Malpais — Eruption 

 of Galongoon in Java — Submarine Volcanos — Graham Island, formed in 1831 

 ■Volcanic Archipelagos— Submarine Eruptions in Mid Atlantic — The Canaries 

 Cones thrown up in Lancerote, 1730-36 — Santorin and its Volcanic Eruptions 



— Barren Island in the Bay of Bengal 

 of Volcanic Products 



Mud Volcanos- 



Mineral Composition 



48 



^tl^ 



CHAPTER XXVIII. 



EARTHQUAKES AND THEIR EFFECTS. 



Earthquakes and their Effects— Deficiency of Ancient Accounts— Ordinary Atmo- 

 spheric Phenomena— Changes produced by Earthquakes in Modern Times 



^ 



