Yl 



PEEFACE TO THE TENTH EDITION. 



Ninth 

 Edition , 



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Chap. 



xxxiv. 

 in 



part 



Tenth 

 Edition, 

 Vol. II. 



Additions and Corrections, 



Pag'G Paee 



GO 



82 

 to 



89 



ISo 



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14G 



187 



192 



208 



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225 



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261 

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283 



Eleven new woodcuts illustrate Chapter XXVI., borrowed 

 clnefly from my paper on Etna, communicated to the 

 Koyal Society in 1858. 



An account is here given of the changes produced hy tho 

 repent eruption in the Gulf of Santorfn in February 1866 

 with a bird's-eye view of the same. ' 



An account of the earthquake in New Zealand in 1855 and 

 the permanent upheaval and subsidence of land in' that 

 archipelago, is given on the authority of Messrs. Eoberts 

 Walter Mantell, and F. A. Weld. A new fault or shift 

 of 9 feet m the rocks is described. A map of the reo-ion 

 convulsed by the same earthquake is appended. ° 



In reference to the earthquakes in Calabria in 1783 and 

 1857, the origin and mode of the propagation of earth- 

 quake waves is treated of, and illustrated by three new 

 diagrams. Some account is given of Mr. Eobert Mallet's 

 proposed method of calculating mathematically the depth 

 in the earth's crust from which the shocks may proceed 



Junghuhn on the truncation of the cone of Papandayano- b 

 Java. ^ "• ° 



Recent observations made to determine whether a change 

 18 going on in the relative level of land and 

 Sweden. 



Sea m 



Messrs 



. Gwyn Jeffreys and Torell on shells of the Glacial 

 I'enod m the Uddevalla district in Sweden. 

 The hypothesis of a change in the axis of rotation of the 

 external shell of the earth considered as a possible cause 

 ot change of chmate. 



This Thirty-second Chapter has been in part re- written and 

 enlarged. It is shown that the old notion, that the crys- 

 talline rocks, whether stratified or unstratified, such" as 

 granite and gneiss, were produced in the lower part of the 

 earth s crust, at the expense of a central nucleus cooling 

 Irom a state of fusion, must be given up, now that granite 

 IS lound to be of all ages, and the metamorphic rocks to 

 be altered sedimentary deposits implying the denudation 

 ot a previously solidified crust. 



The Thirty-third Chapter has been in great part recast. 

 It is shown that the latest chemical observations on the 

 proaucts of recent eruptions favour the doctrine, that 

 large bodies of salt water gain access, during an eruption, 

 to the volcanic foci. The reservoirs of melted matter in 

 tlie interior, though vast, may hold a very subordinate 

 place m the earth's crust. 



The heat supposed to be continually lost by the planet by 

 radiation into space, may perhaps be restored by solar 



magnetism m connectiim with electricity and chemical 

 action. "^ 



Tl 



The 



le greater part of this Thirty-fifth Chapter is new. 

 objections originally urged against Lamarck's theory of 

 transmutation and his replies are considered. Also the 

 . question whether, if new species are created from time to 

 time their first appearance would have been witnessed 

 by the naturalist, Eemarks are offered on the 



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