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Ch. XXVIL] 



GEAHAM ISLAND. 



59 



mimite information respecting the appearance, in 1831, of a 

 new volcanic island in the Mediterranean, between the 

 SW. coast of Sicily and that projecting part of the African 

 coast where ancient Carthage stood. The site of the island 

 was not any part of the great shoal, or bank, called ' Nerita,' 

 as was first asserted, but a spot where Captain W. H. Smyth 

 had found, in his survey a few years before, a depth of more 

 than 100 fathoms' water."^ 



The position of the island (lat. 37° 1' 30'' K, long. 12° 42' 

 15" E.) was about 30 miles SW. of Sciacca, in Sicily, and 

 33 miles NE. of the Island of Pantellaria.f On June 

 28, about a fortnight before the eruption was visible. Sir 



Kg. 90. 



Form of the cliffs of Graham Island, as seen from SSE., distant one mile 



7th August, 1831.t 



Malcolm 



the shocks of an earthquake, as if he had struck on a sand- 

 bank ; and the same shocks were felt on the west coast of 



Sicily, in 



from SW 



NE 



About July 10, 



John Corrao, the captain of a Sicilian vessel, reported that, 

 as he passed near the place, he saw a column of water like 

 a water-spout 60 feet high, and 800 yards in circumference, 

 nsmg from the sea, and soon afterwards a dense steam in its 

 place, which ascended to the height of 1,800 feet. The 

 same Corrao, on his return from Girgenti, on July 18, found 

 a small island, 12 feet high with a crater in its centre, ejecting 

 volcanic matter, and immense columns of valour : the sea, 



Graham Island ; a name given by Capt. 

 fenhouse, R.N., the first who succeeded 



rival 



in landing on it. The seven 



names are Nerita, Ferdinanda, Hotham, 

 graham, Corrao, Sciacca, Julia. As 



rno ?r '"''' ^'''''^^ ^""^ ^"^y ^^o^^t three 

 nths, this is an instance of a wanton 



^multiplication of synonyms which has 



scarcely ever been outdone even in the 

 annals of zoology and botany. 



* Phil. Trans. 1832, p. 255. 



t Journ. of Eoy. Geograph. Soc. 

 1830-31. • 



I Phil. Trans., part ii., 1832, reduced 

 from drawings by Captain Wodehouso, 



