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Ch, XXVII.] 



SANTOEIN. 



Go 



of time during' wliicli cliemical 



matter. From one of the fissures which was still open in 

 1815 Von Buch found hot vapours issuing- which raised the 

 thermometer to 145° Fahr.^ and was probably at the boiling 

 point lower down. The exhalations seemed to consist of 

 aqueous vapour; yet they could not be pure stcani^ for the 

 crevices were encrusted on either side by silicious sinter (an 

 opal-like hydrate of silica of a white colour) , Avhich extended 

 almost to the middle. This important fact attests the length 



processes continue after 

 eruptions^ and shows how open fissures may be filled up by 

 mineral matter^ sublimed from volcanic exhalations. 



The quantity of dead fish which were strewed over the banks 

 and shores of the island or floated on the waters on more than 

 one occasion during this series of eruptions, some of them 

 of species which had never before been observed, is said to 

 have been indescribably great, especially Avhere streams of 

 lava entered the sea. This fact is one of geological interest, 

 since many of the fossil fishes of ancient date, those of Monte 

 Bolca for example, are preserved in volcanic tuff or in marls 

 associated with contemporaneous igneous rocks. In August 

 1824 another eruption happened in Lanzerote near the port 

 of Eescif, forming a cone and crater from which Mr. Hartung 

 found hot vapours escaping during his visit in 1850."^ 



SANTOEIE". 



The Gulf of Santorin, in the Grecian Archipelago, has 

 been for 2,000 years a scene of active volcanic operations. 

 The largest of the three outer islands of the groups (to which 

 the general name of Santorin is given) is called Thera (or 

 sometimes Santorin), and forms more than two-thirds of the 



circuit of the gulf. 



(See Map, fig. 95, p. 66.) 



The length 



of the exterior coast-line of this and the other two islands 

 named Therasia and Aspronisi, taken together, amounts to 

 about 30 miles, and that of the inner coast-line of the 

 same islands to about 18 miles. In the middle of the 

 gulf are three other islands, called the Little, the New, and 

 the Old ^Kaimenis/ or 'Burnt Islands/ The accompanying 



^ G. Hartung, Lanzerote unci Fuertaventura. 1856. 



VOL. II. 



F 



