G8 



SANTOEIK 



[Ch. XXVII. 



CS" 



to it, which they ate.* 



mass 



in great part, by the matter ejected from the crater of 

 a twin-island formed simultaneously, and called Black 



Island, consisting 



bro^vn 



The trachytic lava 



which rose on this spot appears to have been a long time in 

 an intumescent state, for the New Kaimeni was sometimes 

 lowered on one side while it gained height on the other, and 

 rocks rose up in the sea at different distances from the shore 

 and then disappeared again. The eruption was renewed at 

 intervals during the years 1711 and 1712, and at length a 

 cone was piled up to the height of about 330 feet above the 

 level of the sea, its exterior slope forming an angle of 33° 

 with the horizon, and the crater on its summit being 80 

 yards in diameter. In addition to the two points of subaerial 

 eruption on the New and Little Kaimenis, two other cones, 

 indicating the sites of submarine outbursts of unknown date, 

 were discovered under water near the Kaimenis during the 



late survey. 



In regard to tlie ' White Island/ which was described and 



1707. we are indebted to Mr. Edward 



He 



visited by Goree in 1707, we are indebted to 

 Forbes for having, in 1842, carefully investigated the layer 

 of pumiceous ash of which it is constituted, 

 from it many shells of marine genera^ Pectunculus, Area, 

 Cardita, Trochus, and others^ both univalve and bivalve, all 



;anean species. They were in a fine state 



Mediter 



mis 



3 



and valves closed, showing that they had been suddenly 

 destroyed. Mr. Forbes, from his study < 



Mediterranean 



assembla 



have 



bod 



must 



in order to bring up this bed of ashes and shells to the level 



t 



We may compare this partial elevation of solid matter to 

 the rise of a hardened crust of scoriee, such as is usually 



* Phil. Trans. No. 332. 



t E. Forbes, Brit. Association, Eeport for 1843, p. 177. 



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