t. 



•^xv 



II 



'Oil, 1 



--u 



^ Wilder 



Uut 



e 



lire 



rt 



utile 



r 



t 



ligi^t 



' of the 



havi 



111 or 



* "Icailir. 



ni:1j 



eeii 



entre of 



•rattT is 

 'loanos, 

 is pro- 



e a^re of 



am in- 

 J^liocene 



ISGC. 

 n the 



1 



^ 



^^ 



If 15', 

 the 



i-oiu 



J 



•face of 

 tlie iu- 



)eiie- 



a 



01 



Hi 



,lered 

 ^-oleaiiic 



^57, i^ 



ito 



1 



tlie 



the 



,ea 



*. Frit 



:cBl 



Loll 



doo 



Ch. XXYIL] 



MUD VOLCANOS. 



70 



by looking- tliroiig'li the ravine. The sides of this cone slope 

 •it anoies'of from 35° to 40°. In some of the older accounts 

 the sea is described as entering the inner basin, but Von 

 Liebio- says it was exclnded at the time of his visit, and that a 

 stream of blaclv lava 10 feet high was traceable from the interior 



Pig. 98. 



Cone and crater of Barren Island, in the Eay of Bengal. Heiglit of the central 



cone (accoreling to Capt. Miller, in 1834), 500 feet 



* 



to the outlet : there was also on the sides of the passage or 



compo 



and rolled pebbles, indicative of a modern upheaval of the 

 island to that extent. It is most probable that the exterior 

 enclosure of Barren Island (c, d, fig. 99) is nothing more than 



Fig. 99. 



Supposed section of Barren Island, in the Bay of Bengal. 



the remains of a truncated cone, c, a, I, d, a great portion of 

 which has been removed by explosion, which may have pre- 



/, e, g.-f 



MUD VOLCAlSiOS. 



Of 



—Professor E. Bunsen, in his account of the 



« 



pseudo-volcanic phenomena of Iceland, describes many 

 valleys where sulphurous and aqueous vapours burst forth 

 with a hissing sound, from the hot soil formed of volcanic 

 tuff. In such spots a pool of boiling water is seen, in which 



^ The annexed view is given "by Von 

 Buch. Captain Horsbiirgh saw smoke 

 proceeding from the crater in 1803. 



t Von Liebig Zeitschrlft 



Gesellsehaft, vol. 



logischen 

 1858. 



der 

 X. p 



Geo 



303 



