80 



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CHAPTER XXYIII. 



EARTHQUAKES AND THEIE EFFECTS. 



'J 



EARTHQUAKES AND THEIR EFFECTS — DEFICIENCY OF ANCIENT ACCOUNTS 

 ORDINARY ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA — CHANGES PRODUCED BY EARTHQUAKES 



IN MODERN TIMES CONSIDERED IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER EARTHQUAKE IN 



NEW ZEALAND PERMANENT UPHEAVAL AND SUBSIDENCE OF LAND — A FAULT 



PRODUCED IN THE ROCKS — EARTHQUAKE IN SYRIA, 1837 EARTHQUAKES IN 



■ 



CHILI IN 1837 AND 1835— ISLE OF SANTA MARIA RAISED TEN FEET— CHILI, 



1822 EXTENT OF COUNTRY ELEVATED — EARTHQUAKE OF CUTCH IN 1819 — 



SUBSIDENCE IN THE DELTA OF THE INDUS— ISLAND OF SUMBAWA IN 1815 — 

 EARTHQUAKE OF CARACCAS IN 1812 SHOCKS AT NEW MADRID IN 1811 IN 



THE VALLEY OF THE MISSISSIPPI. 



In the sketch 



XXIII 



boundaries of volcanic regions^ I stated^ that although the 



simultaneously over immense 



points of eruption are but thinly scattered^ constituting mere 

 spots on the surface of those vast districts^ yet the sub- 

 terranean movements extend 

 areas. We may novr proceed to consider the changes which 

 these movements produce on the surface^ and in the internal 

 structure of the earth's crust. 



Deficiency of ancient accounts. — It is only within the last two 

 centuries, since Hooke first promulgated, in 1688, his views 



respecting the connection between geological phenomena 



and earthquakes, that the permanent changes effected by 

 these convulsions have excited attention. Before that time, 

 the narrative of the historian was almost exclusively confined 

 to the number of human beings who perished, the number of 

 cities laid in ruins, the value of property destroyed, or certain 

 atmospheric appearances which dazzled or terrified the ob- 

 servers. The creation of a new lake, the engulphing of a 

 city, or the raising of a new island, are sometimes, it is true, 

 adverted to, as being too obvious, or of too much geographical 

 or political interest to be passed over in silence. But no 



almost* 



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