90 EARTHQUAKES OE THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. [Ch. XXVIII 



by the waves, or suddenly laid dry during the earthquake 

 attested the recent date of the occurrence. The whole coast 

 was strewed with uprooted trees. "^ 



Chili — Coneeptiony 1835. — Fortunately we have a still 

 more detailed account of the geographical changes produced 

 in the same country on February 20, 1835. An earthquake 

 was then felt at all places between Copiapo and Chiloe 

 nearly 1,000 miles from north to south, and from Mendoza to 



' Vessels ' 



miles from 



miles 



Mr. Caldcleugh, ^ navigating the Pacific, within 100 



t Conception, Talcahuano, Chilian, and other towns 



were thrown down. From 

 E.]Sr., who was then employed in surveying the coast, we 

 learn that after the shock the sea retired in the Bay of 

 Conception, and the vessels grounded, even those which had 

 been lying in seven fathoms water : all the shoals were visible, 

 and soon afterwards a wave rushed in and then retreated, and 

 was followed by two other waves. The vertical height 

 of these waves does not appear to have been much greater 

 than 16 or 20 feet, although they rose to much greater 

 heights when they broke upon a sloping beach. 



According to Mr. Caldcleugh and Mr. Darwin, the whole 

 volcanic chain of the Chilian Andes, a range 160 miles in 

 length, was in a state of unusual activity, both during the 

 shocks and for some time preceding and after the convulsion, 

 and lava was seen to flow from the crater of Osorno. (See 

 Map, 



The island of Juan Fernandez, distant 365 



miles from 



time 



volcano broke out there near 



A submarine 



Head 



from the shore, in 69 fathoms water, and illumined the 

 whole island during the night. J 



' At Conception,' says Captain Fitz Eoy, ' the earth opened 

 and closed rapidly in numerous places. The direction of the 

 cracks was not uniform, thoup^h p-enerallv from south-east to 



* Dumoulin, Comptos Eendus de 

 rAcad. des Sci. Oct. 1838, p. 706. 



t Phil. Trans. 1836, p. 21. 

 I Ibid. 1826. 



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