'■ -X-\v 



III. 



^^ ^lueh 



0111 ft. 



oin 



\] 



i^^aiio 



) 



re 



even 

 ^^s, and 



^^'^ life. 



lere 



e 

 met 



^^e land 



■0 



J 



I 



I 



z 



il 



prU the 

 rll^vater 



of level 

 . of the 



but, 0^ 



1 raise*^ 



11 



AP^ 



•il 



r 



Ch. XXVIIL] 



EARTHQUAKES IN CHILI AND ISCHIA. 



93 



Santa Maria, the island just alluded to, is about 7 



Conception 



Map 



miles sout 

 plienomena 



there are most important. ^It appeared/ says- Captain 

 Fitz Roy, who visited Santa Maria twice, the first time 

 at the end of March, and afterwards in the beginning 



of April, 'that the 



extremity 



been raised 8 feet, the middle 9, and the northern end 



measures 



upwards of 10 feet. On steep rocks, where vertical 



could be correctly taken, beds of dead mussels were found 10 



feet above high-water mark. 



^ An extensive rocky flat lies around the northern parts of 

 Santa Maria. Before the earthquake this flat was covered 

 by the sea, some projecting rocks only showing themselves. 

 ]:Tow, the whole flat is exposed, and square acres of it are 

 covered with dead shell-fish, the stench arising from which 

 is abominable. By this elevation of the land the southern 

 port of Santa Maria has been almost destroyed ; little shelter 

 remaining there, and very bad landing.' The surrounding 

 sea is also stated to have become shallower in exactly the 

 same proportion as the land had risen ; the soundings having 

 diminished a fathom and a half everywhere around the island. 



Maria 



Mocha 



be ascertained at Yaldivia. 



Among other effects of the catastrophe, it is stated that 

 cattle standing on a steep slope, near the shore, were rolled 

 down into the sea, and many others were washed ofi* by the 

 great wave from low land and drowned."^ 



In November of the same year (1835), Conception was 

 shaken by a severe earthquake, and on the same day Osorno, 

 at the distance of 400 miles, renewed its activity. These 



prove not only the connection of earthquakes Avith 



facts 



volcanic eruptions in this region, but also the vast extent of 

 the subterranean areas over which the disturbing cause acts 

 simultaneously. 



Ischia^ 1828. — On February 2, the whole island of Ischia 



* Darwin's Journ. of Travels in South America, Voyage of 'Beagle/ p. 372, 



f 



