^ 



Vl 





V 



11 ot 



of 



IS 



Of 



lic^-nio. 



.7S5 feeti 



in 



inhabitants, 

 ^v. nuvil, at 



k* 



, ;n i:S3 



f tie ^^^P 



nc 



^r-i^ic 



es 



eS' 





* 



Ch. XXIX.] 



DEEANGEMENT OF EIVEE-COUKSES. 



129 



the ground. Tlie first effect of the more violent shocks was 



, but they immediately afterwards 

 In marshv places, an immense 



overflowed their hanks. In m 

 number of cones of sand were thrown up. These appearances 

 Hamilton explains, by supposing that the first movement 

 raised the fissured plain from below upwards, so that the 

 rivers and stagnant waters in bogs sank down, or at least 

 were not upraised with the soil. But when the 



ground 



■mer 



thrown up in jets through fissures. 



The phenomenon, according to Mr. Mallet, may be simply 

 an accident contingent on the principal cause of disturbance, 

 the rapid transit of the earth- wave. ' The sources,' he says, 

 ' of copious springs usually lie in flat plates or fissures filled 

 with water, whether issuing from solid rock, or from loose 



; now, if a vein, or thin flat cavity filled with 

 water, be in such a position that the plane of the plate of 

 water or fissure be transverse to the line of transit of the 

 earth-wave, the effect of the arrival of the earth-wave at the 



materials 



compress 



more 



moment 



and again remain in repose after the transit of the wave.' 



Derangement of 



Vivenzio states, that near 



Sitizzano a valley was nearly filled up to a level with the 



from th 

 streams 



masses 



formed 



The 



same 



durmg the convulsions: 

 these. The sfovernment 



about 2 miles long and 1 mile br( 

 mentions that, upon the whole, there were 50 lakes occasioned 



and he assigns localities to all of 

 surveyors enumerated 215 lakes; 

 Dut tliey included in this number many small ponds. 



Such lakes and ponds could only be permanent where rivers 

 and brooks were diverted into an entirely new course, whether 

 into some adjoining ravine or into a difi-erent part of the 

 same alluvial plain. In cases where the new barrier obstructs 



VOL. II. 



am 



k: 



