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Ch. XXX.] 



EAETHQUAKE OF JAVA 



145 



CHAPTER XXX. 



-EAUTiiqjJAK'ES— continued 



EARTHQUAKE OF JAVA, 1 772— TRUNCATION OF A LOFTY CONE— ST. DOMINGO, 

 1770— LISBON, 1775— GREAT AREA OVER AVHICH THE SHOCKS EXTENDED 



RETREAT OF THE SEA PROPOSED EXPLANATIONS — CONCEPTION BAY, 1750 



PERMANENT ELEVATION— PERU, 1746— JAVA, 1699— RIVERS OBSTRUCTED BY 



LANDSLIPS — SUBSIDENCE IN SICILY, 1693— MOLUCCAS, 1693 — JAMAICA, 1692 



LARGE TRACTS ENGULFED — PORTION OF PORT ROYAL SUNK AMOUNT OF 



CHANGE IN THE LAST 170 YEARS— ELEVATION AND SUBSIDENCE OF LAND IN BAY 

 OF BALE EVIDENCE OF THE SAME AFFORDED BY THE TEMPLE OF SERAPIS, 



In tliis chapter, I shall conclude my remarks on the earth- 

 quakes of the 18th century, and then pass on to those of 

 earlier date respecting which we have information which may 

 be of interest to the geologist. 



Java^ 1772. — Truncation of a lofty cone. — In the year 1772, 

 Papandayang, formerly one of the loftiest volcanos in the 

 island of Java, was in eruption. Before all the inhabitants 

 on the declivities of the mountain could save themselves by 

 flight, the ground is said to have given way, and a great part 

 of the volcano to have fallen in and disappeared. It was 

 estimated that an extent of ground of the mountain itself 

 and its immediate environs, 15 miles long and full 6 broad, 

 was by this commotion swallowed up in the bowels of the 

 earth. Forty villages were destroyed, some being engulphed 

 and some covered by the substances thrown out on this 

 occasion, and 2,957 of the inhabitants perished. A pro- 

 portionate number of cattle were also killed, and most of the 

 plantations of cotton, indigo, and coffee in the adjacent 

 districts were buried under the volcanic matter. This cata- 

 strophe appears to have resembled, although on a grander 

 scale, that of the ancient Vesuvius in the year 79, The cone 

 was reduced in height from 9,000 to about 5,000 feet ; and, 



VOL. II. 



L 



