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Ch. XXX.] 



EARTHQUAKE OF LISBON. 



147 



among others. 



described as having been variously rent asmider^ leaving open 

 chasms from 30 to 60 feet in width. Towns which subsided 

 several cubits, Avere overflowed with water ; 

 Deep Gong, which was submerged to the depth of 7 cubits. 

 Two volcanos are said to have opened in the Secta Cunda 

 hills- The shock was also felt at Calcutta.^ While the 

 Chittagong coast was sinking, a corresponding rise of the 

 ground took place at the island of Ramree, and at Cheduba. 

 (See Map, fig. 59, YoL I. p. 587.) t 



EarthqttaJce of Lisbon^ 1755. — 'Extent of the sliock. — In no 



part 



of the volcanic region of 



southern Europe, has so 



tremendous an earthquake occurred in modern times as that 



which began on November 1, 1755, at Lisbon. The in- 

 habitants had had no warning of the coming danger, when a 

 sound like that of thunder was heard underground, and 

 immediately afterwards a violent shock threw doAvn the 

 greater part of their city. In the course of about six minutes, 

 60,000 persons perished. The sea first retired and laid the 

 bar dry ; it then rolled in, rising 50 feet or more above its 

 ordinary leveL The mountains of Arrabida, Estrella, Julio, 

 Marvan, and Cintra, being some of the largest in Portugal, 

 were impetuously shaken, as it were, from their very foun- 

 dations ; and some of them opened at their summits, which 

 were split and rent in a wonderful manner, huge masses 

 of them being thrown down into the subjacent valleys. | 

 Flames are related to have issued from these mountains, 

 which are supposed to have been electric ; they are also said 

 to have smoked ; but vast clouds of dust may have given rise 

 to this appearance. 



Subsidence of the quay. — Among other extraordinary events 

 related to have occurred at Lisbon during the catastrophe, 

 was the subsidence of a new quay, built entirely of marble 

 at an immense expense. A great concourse of people had 

 collected there for safety, as a spot where they might be 



* M'Clelland's Eeport on Min. Re- 



^tTh, 



sources of India, 1838. Calcutta. 



otber particulars, see Phil. Trans, 

 liii. 



t Journ. Asiat. Soe. .Eengal, vol. x. 



Eor ' pp. 351, 433. 



vol. 



J Hist, and Pliilos. of Earthquakes, 



p, 317. 



*^\ 



L 2 



