1. 





s 



'^^ 



> 



'^teoli 

 iuce of 



IS not 

 ?Hc of 



Pedto 

 ontlie 



by tie 



pillars, 



aarble, 

 nearly 



entire. 



jlining 



Tlieir 



tTvelve 



it nine 

 :pecies 



holes 



r being 

 Dottom 



mding 



.rs;i» 

 ]i con- 



e 



are 



so 



luiig' 





tbe 



,1 iiii' 





?p 



lai» 



I. 



}ff 



;liis 



\ 



Ch. XXX.] 



TEMPLE OF JUPITEK SERAPIS. 



171 



mersion of the pillars in sea-water, at a time wlien tlie lower 

 part was covered up and protected by marine, fresh-water, 

 and volcanic strata, afterwards to be described, and bj the 

 rubbish of buildings; the highest part, at the same time, pro- 

 jecting above the waters, and being consequently weathered, 

 but not materially injured. (See fig. 126, p. 172.) 



On the pavement of the temple lie some columns of marble, 

 which are also perforated in certain parts ; one, for example, 

 to the length of 8 feet, while, for the length of 4 feet, it is 

 uninjured. Several of these broken columns are eaten into, 

 not only on the exterior, but on the cross fracture, and, on 

 some of them, other marine animals (serpulse, &c.) have fixed 

 themselves."^ All the granite pillars are untouched by litho- 

 domi. The platform of the temple, which is not perfectly 

 even, was, when I visited it in 1828, about one foot below 

 high-water mark (for there are small tides in the Bay of 

 Naples) ; and the sea, which was only 100 feet distant, 

 soaked through the intervening soil. The upper part of the 

 perforations, therefore, was at least 23 feet above high- 

 water mark ; and it is clear that the columns must have 

 continued for a long time in an erect position, immersed in 

 salt water, and then the submerged portion must have been 



upraised to the height of about 23 feet above the level of 



the sea. 



marble 



columns 



of mosaic was found, at the depth of about 5 feet below the 

 upper one (a, &, fig. 126). The existence of these two pave- 



clearlv implies some subsidence 



ments, at different levels, 



more modern temple 



had rendered it necessary to construct the new floor at a 

 higher level. 



We have already seen (p. 169) 



temple 



existed long before the Christian era. The change of level 

 just mentioned must have taken place some time before the 

 end of the second century, for inscriptions have been found 

 m the temple, from w^hich we learn that Septimius Severus 



r 



Serpida contortiipUcata, Linn., and as well as the Lithodomiis, are now in- 

 Vermilia triq^netra, Lam. These species, habitants of the neighbouring sea. 



