V 





'V 



s 



Oricai 



ac-ked 



' self, 



^"liicli 



Tl 



lese 



>Ptlie 



? and 



'niple. 

 ^liOTvn 



'f tlie 



A 



mou- 

 r, but 



tered 



# it 



dark 



rhicli 

 hick, 



this 

 .of 



tbe 





I 

 J 



Ch. XXX.] 



TEMPLE OE JUPITEK SEE APIS. 



IT'' 



from 



Over this 



again a purely freshwater deposit of carbonate of lime (e e, 

 fig. 126) accumulated with, an uneven bottom, since it neces- 

 sarily accommodated itself to the irregular outline of the 

 upper surface of the volcanic shower before thrown down. 

 The top of the same deposit (a freshwater limestone) was 

 perfectly even and flat, bespeaking an ancient water level 



freshwater lake 



may have been caused by the fall of ashes which choked up 

 the channel previously communicating with the sea, so that 

 the hot spring threw down calcareous matter in the atrium 



• J 1 I • . . . . 



marine 



lime 



iff. 



gular mass 



storm 



11 feet above the pavement. And tlius we arrive at the 

 period of greatest depression expressed in the accompanying 



ram 



in the deposits above enumerated, and the uppermost 20 feet 



middle 



immersed 



water and drilled by perforating bivalves. After this period 

 other strata, consisting of showers of volcanic ashes and 

 materials washed in during storms, covered up the pillars to 



the height in some 



pavement 



The exact time when these enveloping masses were heaped 



them were formed 



much 



be made out with certainty. 



submerp-ence 



to the close of the 15th century. Professor James Forbes^ 

 has reminded us of a passage in an old Italian writer, 

 Loffredo, who says that in 1530, or 50 years before he wrote 

 which was in 1580, the sea washed the base of the hills 



from 



in hg. 126; so that, to quote his words, *a person mio-ht 



from 



called the stadium ' (A, fig, 126). 



^ Ed. Joiirn. of Science, new series, No. II. p. 281. 



