18G 



EISE OF LAND IN SWEDEN. 



[Ch. XXXI. 



the same. During tlieir survey, they cut new marks for 

 the guidance of future observers, several of which I had 



^ fourteen years after (in the 



an Of 

 summ 



examinm 



.m 



near Gefle, for example, about 4 inches, or at the rate of less 



But at Stockholm, I inferred from 



than 2^ feet per century. 



the position of certain aged oak-trees only 8 feet above the 

 level of the Baltic, that the rise could not have been at a 



mi 



Professor Axel Erdmann in 1847 calculated that the rise could 

 hardly have exceeded six inches at Stockholm, and in the 

 same year he pointed out, in a paper read to the Eoyal 

 Society of Sweden, the necessity of determining the mean 

 level of the Baltic by a long series of observations in dif- 

 ferent seasons of the year. Mr. Wolfstedt, a Swedish en- 

 gineer, has shown that the northern part of the Bothnian 

 Gulf^ where several great rivers enter, is 16 feet higher than 

 the southern part; but as this gulf is about 600 miles in 



b) 



mi 



enient 



but 



height of the water at corresponding seasons may vary 

 slightly, except when it is influenced by the wind. When I 

 gave the results of my Swedish tour in the fourth edition 

 of this work, published in 1835, I expressed my belief that 

 there Avere signs of the upheaval of the land in different 



places 



me, both on the coast of the Bothnian 



Gulf and on that of the ocean, i.e. the west coast of Sweden 

 near Gothenburg. But I then stated that Sve have not only 

 to learn whether the motion proceeds always at the same rate, 

 but also whether it has been uniformly in one direction. The 

 level of the land may oscillate; and for centuries there 

 may be a depression, and afterwards a re-elevation, of the 

 same district. Some phenomena in the neighbourhood of 

 Stockholm appear to me only explicable on the supposi- 

 tion of the alternate rising and sinking of the ground 



*See a paper on * Else of Laud m 1835, part i. p. 13 — read in iSoveniber 

 Sweden/ by the author. Phil. Trans. 1834. 



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